{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T19:35:21Z","timestamp":1793993721859,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,16]],"date-time":"2020-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594857600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,16]],"date-time":"2020-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594857600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2019M3C7A1031278"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019M3C7A1031278"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Temporal interference (TI) stimulation was recently proposed that allows for the stimulation of deep brain structures with neocortical regions being minimally stimulated. For human brain modulation, TI current patterns are known to be considerably affected by the complex structures of the human head, and thus, it is hard to deliver TI current to a specific deep brain region. In this study, we optimized scalp electrode configurations and injection currents that can deliver maximum TI stimulation currents to a specific deep brain region, the head of the right hippocampus in this study, considering the real anatomical head structures of each individual. Three realistic finite element (FE) head models were employed for the optimization of TI stimulation. To generate TI current patterns, two pairs of scalp electrodes were selected, which carry two sinusoidally alternating currents with a small frequency difference. For every possible combination of electrode pairs, optimal injection currents delivering the maximal TI currents to the head of the right hippocampus were determined. The distribution of the optimized TI currents was then compared with that of the unoptimized TI currents and the conventional single frequency alternating current stimulation. Optimization of TI stimulation parameters allows for the delivery of the desired amount of TI current to the target region while effectively reducing the TI currents delivered to cortical regions compared to the other stimulation approaches. Inconsistency of the optimal stimulation conditions suggest that customized stimulation, considering the individual anatomical differences, is necessary for more effective transcranial TI stimulation. Customized transcranial TI stimulation based on the numerical field analysis is expected to enhance the overall effectiveness of noninvasive stimulation of the human deep brain structures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-68660-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,16]],"date-time":"2020-07-16T06:02:53Z","timestamp":1594879373000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["Individually customized transcranial temporal interference stimulation for focused modulation of deep brain structures: a simulation study with different head models"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Sangjun","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chany","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jimin","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3795-3318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chang-Hwan","family":"Im","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"68660_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2016.10.087","volume":"128","author":"J-P Lefaucheur","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lefaucheur, J.-P. et al. Evidence-based guidelines on the therapeutic use of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Clin. Neurophysiol. 128, 56\u201392 (2017).","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"68660_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1007\/s40473-017-0114-9","volume":"4","author":"CS Herrmann","year":"2017","unstructured":"Herrmann, C. S. & Str\u00fcber, D. What can transcranial alternating current stimulation tell us about brain oscillations?. Curr. Behav. Neurosci. Rep. 4, 128\u2013137 (2017).","journal-title":"Curr. Behav. Neurosci. Rep."},{"key":"68660_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2015.08.010","volume":"57","author":"S Broeder","year":"2015","unstructured":"Broeder, S. et al. Transcranial direct current stimulation in Parkinson\u2019s disease: neurophysiological mechanisms and behavioral effects. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 57, 105\u2013117 (2015).","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"68660_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-018-0459-7","volume":"15","author":"B Elsner","year":"2018","unstructured":"Elsner, B., Kugler, J. & Mehrholz, J. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for upper limb rehabilitation after stroke: future directions. J. Neuroeng. Rehabil. 15, 106 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Neuroeng. Rehabil."},{"key":"68660_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2016.00157","volume":"10","author":"D Cappon","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cappon, D., Jahanshahi, M. & Bisiacchi, P. Value and efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation in the cognitive rehabilitation: a critical review since 2000. Front. Neurosci. 10, 157 (2016).","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"68660_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2000.t01-1-00633.x","volume":"527","author":"MA Nitsche","year":"2000","unstructured":"Nitsche, M. A. & Paulus, W. Excitability changes induced in the human motor cortex by weak transcranial direct current stimulation. J. Physiol. 527, 633\u2013639 (2000).","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"68660_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13766","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0013766","volume":"5","author":"T Zaehle","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zaehle, T., Rach, S. & Herrmann, C. S. Transcranial alternating current stimulation enhances individual alpha activity in human EEG. PLoS ONE 5, e13766 (2010).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"68660_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2018.03.006","volume":"11","author":"PY Chhatbar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chhatbar, P. Y. et al. Evidence of transcranial direct current stimulation-generated electric fields at subthalamic level in human brain in vivo. Brain Stimul. 11, 727\u2013733 (2018).","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"key":"68660_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2015.01.401","volume":"8","author":"O Seibt","year":"2015","unstructured":"Seibt, O., Brunoni, A. R., Huang, Y. & Bikson, M. The pursuit of DLPFC: non-neuronavigated methods to target the left dorsolateral pre-frontal cortex with symmetric bicephalic transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Brain Stimul. 8, 590\u2013602 (2015).","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"key":"68660_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.05.024","volume":"169","author":"N Grossman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Grossman, N. et al. Noninvasive deep brain stimulation via temporally interfering electric fields. Cell 169, 1029\u20131041 (2017).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"68660_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(00)01547-2","volume":"23","author":"B Hutcheon","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hutcheon, B. & Yarom, Y. Resonance, oscillation and the intrinsic frequency preferences of neurons. Trends Neurosci. 23, 216\u2013222 (2000).","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"68660_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2018.09.010","volume":"12","author":"Y Huang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Huang, Y. & Parra, L. C. Can transcranial electric stimulation with multiple electrodes reach deep targets?. Brain Stimul. 12, 30\u201340 (2019).","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"key":"68660_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.116124","volume":"202","author":"S Rampersad","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rampersad, S. et al. Prospects for transcranial temporal interference stimulation in humans: a computational study. NeuroImage 202, 116124 (2019).","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"68660_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-37226-x","volume":"9","author":"I Laakso","year":"2019","unstructured":"Laakso, I., Mikkonen, M., Koyama, S., Hirata, A. & Tanaka, S. Can electric fields explain inter-individual variability in transcranial direct current stimulation of the motor cortex?. Sci. Rep. 9, 1\u201310 (2019).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"68660_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13417-6","volume":"10","author":"FH Kasten","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kasten, F. H., Duecker, K., Maack, M. C., Meiser, A. & Herrmann, C. S. Integrating electric field modeling and neuroimaging to explain inter-individual variability of tACS effects. Nat. Commun. 10, 1\u201311 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"68660_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.09.024","volume":"163","author":"GB Saturnino","year":"2017","unstructured":"Saturnino, G. B., Madsen, K. H., Siebner, H. R. & Thielscher, A. How to target inter-regional phase synchronization with dual-site transcranial alternating current stimulation. Neuroimage 163, 68\u201380 (2017).","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"68660_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.12.034","volume":"70","author":"PC Miranda","year":"2013","unstructured":"Miranda, P. C., Mekonnen, A., Salvador, R. & Ruffini, G. The electric field in the cortex during transcranial current stimulation. Neuroimage 70, 48\u201358 (2013).","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"68660_CR18","unstructured":"Thielscher, A., Antunes, A. & Saturnino, G. B. In 2015 37th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC). 222\u2013225 (IEEE)."},{"key":"68660_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.21479","volume":"34","author":"M Windhoff","year":"2013","unstructured":"Windhoff, M., Opitz, A. & Thielscher, A. Electric field calculations in brain stimulation based on finite elements: an optimized processing pipeline for the generation and usage of accurate individual head models. Hum. Brain Mapp. 34, 923\u2013935 (2013).","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"68660_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.01.033","volume":"109","author":"A Opitz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Opitz, A., Paulus, W., Will, S., Antunes, A. & Thielscher, A. Determinants of the electric field during transcranial direct current stimulation. Neuroimage 109, 140\u2013150 (2015).","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"68660_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"046011","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/8\/4\/046011","volume":"8","author":"JP Dmochowski","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dmochowski, J. P., Datta, A., Bikson, M., Su, Y. & Parra, L. C. Optimized multi-electrode stimulation increases focality and intensity at target. J. Neural Eng. 8, 046011 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Neural Eng."},{"key":"68660_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.11.015","volume":"87","author":"S Bai","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bai, S., Dokos, S., Ho, K.-A. & Loo, C. A computational modelling study of transcranial direct current stimulation montages used in depression. Neuroimage 87, 332\u2013344 (2014).","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"68660_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s13534-013-0087-x","volume":"3","author":"Y-J Jung","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jung, Y.-J., Kim, J.-H. & Im, C.-H. COMETS: A MATLAB toolbox for simulating local electric fields generated by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Biomed. Eng. Lett. 3, 39\u201346 (2013).","journal-title":"Biomed. Eng. Lett."},{"key":"68660_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2016.12.008","volume":"277","author":"C Lee","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lee, C., Jung, Y.-J., Lee, S. J. & Im, C.-H. COMETS2: an advanced MATLAB toolbox for the numerical analysis of electric fields generated by transcranial direct current stimulation. J. Neurosci. Methods 277, 56\u201362 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"},{"key":"68660_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/34\/8\/937","volume":"34","author":"Y-J Jung","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jung, Y.-J., Kim, J.-H., Kim, D. & Im, C.-H. An image-guided transcranial direct current stimulation system: a pilot phantom study. Physiol. Meas. 34, 937 (2013).","journal-title":"Physiol. Meas."},{"key":"68660_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2018.10.010","volume":"12","author":"W-Y Hsu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hsu, W.-Y., Zanto, T. P. & Gazzaley, A. Parametric effects of transcranial alternating current stimulation on multitasking performance. Brain Stimul. 12, 73\u201383 (2019).","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"key":"68660_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15067","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2059-10.2010","volume":"30","author":"D Reato","year":"2010","unstructured":"Reato, D., Rahman, A., Bikson, M. & Parra, L. C. Low-intensity electrical stimulation affects network dynamics by modulating population rate and spike timing. J. Neurosci. 30, 15067\u201315079 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"68660_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"036020","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/13\/3\/036020","volume":"13","author":"S Guler","year":"2016","unstructured":"Guler, S. et al. Optimization of focality and direction in dense electrode array transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). J. Neural Eng. 13, 036020 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Neural Eng."},{"key":"68660_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2015.05.002","volume":"8","author":"I Laakso","year":"2015","unstructured":"Laakso, I., Tanaka, S., Koyama, S., De Santis, V. & Hirata, A. Inter-subject variability in electric fields of motor cortical tDCS. Brain Stimul. 8, 906\u2013913 (2015).","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"key":"68660_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.12.007","volume":"8","author":"AJ Woods","year":"2015","unstructured":"Woods, A. J., Bryant, V., Sacchetti, D., Gervits, F. & Hamilton, R. Effects of electrode drift in transcranial direct current stimulation. Brain Stimul. 8, 515\u2013519 (2015).","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"key":"68660_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2016.05.031","volume":"287","author":"SA Deadwyler","year":"2017","unstructured":"Deadwyler, S. A. et al. A cognitive prosthesis for memory facilitation by closed-loop functional ensemble stimulation of hippocampal neurons in primate brain. Exp. Neurol. 287, 452\u2013460 (2017).","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"68660_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-004-1795-9","volume":"174","author":"JD Sweatt","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sweatt, J. D. Hippocampal function in cognition. Psychopharmacology 174, 99\u2013110 (2004).","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"68660_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0000000000000621","volume":"27","author":"M Cappiello","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cappiello, M., Xie, W., David, A., Bikson, M. & Zhang, W. Transcranial direct current stimulation modulates pattern separation. NeuroReport 27, 826\u2013832 (2016).","journal-title":"NeuroReport"},{"key":"68660_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2017.12.007","volume":"11","author":"GA de Lara","year":"2018","unstructured":"de Lara, G. A. et al. Perturbation of theta-gamma coupling at the temporal lobe hinders verbal declarative memory. Brain Stimul. 11, 509\u2013517 (2018).","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"key":"68660_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.03.023","volume":"120","author":"PC Miranda","year":"2009","unstructured":"Miranda, P. C., Faria, P. & Hallett, M. What does the ratio of injected current to electrode area tell us about current density in the brain during tDCS?. Clin. Neurophysiol. 120, 1183\u20131187 (2009).","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"68660_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2018.04.022","volume":"11","author":"J Reckow","year":"2018","unstructured":"Reckow, J. et al. Tolerability and blinding of 4x1 high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) at two and three milliamps. Brain Stimul. 11, 991\u2013997 (2018).","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"key":"68660_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2016.00683","volume":"10","author":"P Kunz","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kunz, P. et al. 5 kHz transcranial alternating current stimulation: lack of cortical excitability changes when grouped in a theta burst pattern. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 10, 683 (2017).","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"key":"68660_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5747","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1815958116","volume":"116","author":"MR Krause","year":"2019","unstructured":"Krause, M. R., Vieira, P. G., Csorba, B. A., Pilly, P. K. & Pack, C. C. Transcranial alternating current stimulation entrains single-neuron activity in the primate brain. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 116, 5747\u20135755 (2019).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"68660_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2014.2308997","volume":"22","author":"SM Rampersad","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rampersad, S. M. et al. Simulating transcranial direct current stimulation with a detailed anisotropic human head model. IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng. 22, 441\u2013452 (2014).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng."},{"key":"68660_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-37186-2","volume":"9","author":"K-F Heise","year":"2019","unstructured":"Heise, K.-F., Monteiro, T. S., Leunissen, I., Mantini, D. & Swinnen, S. P. Distinct online and offline effects of alpha and beta transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) on continuous bimanual performance and task-set switching. Sci. Rep. 9, 1\u201316 (2019).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"68660_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.02.005","volume":"173","author":"E Negahbani","year":"2018","unstructured":"Negahbani, E., Kasten, F. H., Herrmann, C. S. & Fr\u00f6hlich, F. Targeting alpha-band oscillations in a cortical model with amplitude-modulated high-frequency transcranial electric stimulation. Neuroimage 173, 3\u201312 (2018).","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"68660_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-02928-3","volume":"9","author":"M V\u00f6r\u00f6slakos","year":"2018","unstructured":"V\u00f6r\u00f6slakos, M. et al. Direct effects of transcranial electric stimulation on brain circuits in rats and humans. Nat. Commun. 9, 483 (2018).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"68660_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2009.03.005","volume":"2","author":"A Datta","year":"2009","unstructured":"Datta, A. et al. Gyri-precise head model of transcranial direct current stimulation: improved spatial focality using a ring electrode versus conventional rectangular pad. Brain Stimul. 2, 201\u2013207 (2009).","journal-title":"Brain Stimul."},{"key":"68660_CR44","first-page":"104","volume":"5","author":"M Russell","year":"2014","unstructured":"Russell, M., Goodman, T., Wang, Q., Groshong, B. & Lyeth, B. G. Gender differences in current received during transcranial electrical stimulation. Front. Psychiatry 5, 104 (2014).","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"68660_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"036002","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/11\/3\/036002","volume":"11","author":"SS Shahid","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shahid, S. S., Bikson, M., Salman, H., Wen, P. & Ahfock, T. The value and cost of complexity in predictive modelling: role of tissue anisotropic conductivity and fibre tracts in neuromodulation. J. Neural Eng. 11, 036002 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Neural Eng."},{"key":"68660_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6961","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/57\/21\/6961","volume":"57","author":"HS Suh","year":"2012","unstructured":"Suh, H. S., Lee, W. H. & Kim, T.-S. Influence of anisotropic conductivity in the skull and white matter on transcranial direct current stimulation via an anatomically realistic finite element head model. Phys. Med. Biol. 57, 6961 (2012).","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"key":"68660_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e18834","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.18834","volume":"6","author":"Y Huang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Huang, Y. et al. Measurements and models of electric fields in the in vivo human brain during transcranial electric stimulation. Elife 6, e18834 (2017).","journal-title":"Elife"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-020-68660-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-020-68660-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-020-68660-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,6]],"date-time":"2022-12-06T08:24:10Z","timestamp":1670315050000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-020-68660-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,16]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["68660"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-68660-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 September 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 June 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 July 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"11730"}}