{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T14:57:50Z","timestamp":1793890670251,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]],"date-time":"2020-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595462400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]],"date-time":"2020-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595462400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key R"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The pine needle gall midge, <jats:italic>Thecodiplosis japonensis<\/jats:italic> Uchida et Inouye, is a newly invasive pest in China that mainly harms <jats:italic>Pinus thunbergii<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>P. densiflora<\/jats:italic>. The occurrence and damage caused by <jats:italic>T. japonensis<\/jats:italic> in pure stands of <jats:italic>P. thunbergii<\/jats:italic> were investigated, and the needle growth and needle compound content were measured. Based on the above steps, the growth dynamics of galls and chemical defense response of <jats:italic>P. thunbergii<\/jats:italic> to attack by the gall midge were revealed. The results showed that the adults of <jats:italic>T. japonensis<\/jats:italic> in Qingdao city, China, emerged from the end of May to late July, with a peak in mid-June. Needles of <jats:italic>P. thunbergii<\/jats:italic> began to differentiate in late June and stopped growing in mid-September. The length of infested needles was 60.17% less than that of healthy needles. On average, there were 9\u2009\u00b1\u20094 larvae in each gall, 22 at most and 1 at least. The number of larvae within a gall had no significant effect on the size of the gall or larvae. Compared with that in the ungalled tissues, the content of amino acids in the galled pine needle tissues increased by 40.83%, while the content of total polyphenols, tannins, carotenoids, total triterpenes, total alkaloids and other secondary substances decreased to varying degrees, which was favourable for the growth and development of the <jats:italic>T. japonensis<\/jats:italic> larvae.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-69231-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]],"date-time":"2020-07-23T10:05:06Z","timestamp":1595498706000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Growth dynamics of galls and chemical defence response of Pinus thunbergii Parl. to the pine needle gall midge, Thecodiplosis japonensis Uchida &amp; Inouye (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Yukun","family":"Qi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunhua","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lili","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiwei","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"69231_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/s10886-005-0981-5","volume":"31","author":"SD Allison","year":"2005","unstructured":"Allison, S. D. & Schultz, J. C. Biochemical responses of chestnut oak to a galling cynipid. J. Chem. Ecol. 31(1), 151\u2013166 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Chem. Ecol."},{"issue":"3","key":"69231_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.107.111088","volume":"146","author":"G Arimura","year":"2008","unstructured":"Arimura, G. et al. Effects of feeding Spodoptera littoralis on Lima bean leaves: iv. Diurnal and nocturnal damage differentially initiate plant volatile emission. Plant Physiol. 146(3), 965\u2013973 (2008).","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"69231_CR3","first-page":"94","volume":"18","author":"C Delan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Delan, C. Effects of Apriona Germari Hope damage on the contents of tannin in poplar. Entomol. J. East China. 18(2), 94\u2013100 (2009).","journal-title":"Entomol. J. East China."},{"key":"69231_CR4","first-page":"21","volume":"56","author":"Y Chung","year":"1997","unstructured":"Chung, Y., Lee, J. & Lee, B. Effects of pine needle gall midge, Thecodiplosis Japonensis Uchida Et Inouye (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), infestation on the shoot and needle growth of Pinus densiflora Sieb. Et Zucc. Fri J. For. Sci. (Seoul) 56, 21\u201329 (1997).","journal-title":"Fri J. For. Sci. (Seoul)"},{"issue":"6","key":"69231_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1686","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.1998.tb02248.x","volume":"52","author":"BJ Crespi","year":"1998","unstructured":"Crespi, B. J. & Worobey, M. Comparative analysis of gall morphology in Australian gall thrips: The evolution of extended phenotypes. Evolution 52(6), 1686\u20131696 (1998).","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"issue":"1","key":"69231_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ento.42.1.51","volume":"42","author":"BJ Crespi","year":"1997","unstructured":"Crespi, B. J., Carmean, A. D. A. & Chapman, T. W. Ecology and evolution of galling thrips and their allies. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 42(1), 51\u201371 (1997).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Entomol."},{"key":"69231_CR7","volume-title":"Inclusions Changes in Different Families of Pinus Massoniana Lamb Damaged by Hemiberlesia Pitysophila Takagi","author":"D Zhaodi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zhaodi, D. Inclusions Changes in Different Families of Pinus Massoniana Lamb Damaged by Hemiberlesia Pitysophila Takagi. (Fujian Agric. For.\nUniv, Fuzhou, 2009)."},{"key":"69231_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1570-7458.2000.00736.x","volume":"97","author":"M Dicke","year":"2000","unstructured":"Dicke, M. & van Loon, J. J. A. Multitrophic effects of herbivore-induced plant volatiles in an evolutionary context. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 97, 237\u2013249 (2000).","journal-title":"Entomol. Exp. Appl."},{"issue":"1","key":"69231_CR9","first-page":"129","volume":"55","author":"MR Dsouza","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dsouza, M. R. & Ravishankar, B. Nutritional sink formation in galls of Ficus glomerata Roxb. (Moraceae) by the insect Pauropsylla depressa (Psyllidae, Hemiptera). Trop. Ecol. 55(1), 129\u2013136 (2014).","journal-title":"Trop. Ecol."},{"issue":"2","key":"69231_CR10","first-page":"95","volume":"100","author":"MM Esp\u00edrito-Santo","year":"2007","unstructured":"Esp\u00edrito-Santo, M. M. & Fernandes, G. W. How many species of gall-inducing insects are there on earth, and where are they?. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 100(2), 95\u201399 (2007).","journal-title":"Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am."},{"key":"69231_CR11","unstructured":"Gagn\u00e9, R.J., Jaschhof, M. A catalog of the Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) of the world. In 4th Edn. Digital. pp.\u00a0762 (2017)"},{"issue":"2","key":"69231_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.2307\/3546731","volume":"84","author":"SE Hartley","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hartley, S. E. Are gall insects large rhizobia?. Oikos 84(2), 333\u2013342 (1999).","journal-title":"Oikos"},{"issue":"2","key":"69231_CR13","first-page":"34","volume":"8","author":"H Zuodong","year":"1999","unstructured":"Zuodong, H. et al. Biological study of Aphidounguis Poniradicicola Zhang et Hu. Acta Agric. Boreali Occidentalis Sin. 8(2), 34\u201336 (1999).","journal-title":"Acta Agric. Boreali Occidentalis Sin."},{"issue":"1","key":"69231_CR14","first-page":"10","volume":"32","author":"Ju Yunwei","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yunwei, Ju. et al. Physiological and biochemical responses of Distylium racemosum to gall\u2019s formation. J. Fujian Coll. Forestry 32(1), 10\u201312 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Fujian Coll. Forestry"},{"issue":"19","key":"69231_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3009","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.205.19.3009","volume":"205","author":"A Karley","year":"2002","unstructured":"Karley, A., Douglas, A. & Parker, W. Amino acid composition and nutritional quality of potato leaf phloem sap for aphids. J. Exp. Biol. 205(19), 3009\u20133018 (2002).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"69231_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0013-8703.2004.00207.x","volume":"113","author":"Y Koyama","year":"2004","unstructured":"Koyama, Y., Yao, I. & Akimoto, S. Aphid galls accumulate high concentrations of amino acids: A support for the nutrition hypothesis for gall formation. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 113(1), 35\u201344 (2004).","journal-title":"Entomol. Exp. Appl."},{"key":"69231_CR17","first-page":"1","volume":"65","author":"DK Lee","year":"1984","unstructured":"Lee, D. K. & Sung, J. H. Variation in photosynthesis and leaf pigments of susceptible Pinus densiflora and resistant Pinus rigida following pine gall midge attack. J. Korean Forestry Soc. 65, 1\u201311 (1984).","journal-title":"J. Korean Forestry Soc."},{"key":"69231_CR18","volume-title":"Biology and Control of Pine Gall Midge","author":"SH Lee","year":"1981","unstructured":"Lee, S. H. Biology and Control of Pine Gall Midge (Office of Forestry, Seoul, 1981)."},{"issue":"1","key":"69231_CR19","first-page":"17","volume":"32","author":"Li Darin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Darin, Li., Enguo, W. & Lingwei, L. Study on biology characteristics and population dynamics of invasive Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius). China Plant Protect. Guide 32(1), 17\u201321 (2012).","journal-title":"China Plant Protect. Guide"},{"issue":"8","key":"69231_CR20","first-page":"4126","volume":"38","author":"L Nuo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nuo, L. et al. Preliminary study on physiology and biochemistry characteristics of eucalyptus galls caused by Leptocy beinvasa LI. Anhui Agric. Sci. 38(8), 4126\u20134127 (2010).","journal-title":"Anhui Agric. Sci."},{"key":"69231_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01003","volume":"419","author":"XC Li","year":"2002","unstructured":"Li, X. C., Schuler, M. A. & Berenhaum, M. R. Jasmonate and salicylate induce expression of herbivore cytochrome P450 genes. Nature 419, 712\u2013715 (2002).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"69231_CR22","volume-title":"A Comparative Study of the Amino Acids and Defensive Substances of the Gall and Host Plants of Andricus mukaigawae","author":"L Xiangmei","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xiangmei, L. A Comparative Study of the Amino Acids and Defensive Substances of the Gall and Host Plants of Andricus mukaigawae (Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 2019)."},{"issue":"10","key":"69231_CR23","first-page":"131","volume":"47","author":"Li Xuan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xuan, Li. & Zhihong, H. The effect of ulmus gall aphid on the leaf physiology of elm. Jiangsu Agric. Sci. 47(10), 131\u2013134 (2019).","journal-title":"Jiangsu Agric. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"69231_CR24","first-page":"263","volume":"42","author":"L Bingjing","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bingjing, L. et al. Determination of total alkaloids in stems, leaves and skins of Polyalthia plagioneura by acid dye colorimetry. Jiangsu Agric. Sci. 42(1), 263\u2013264 (2014).","journal-title":"Jiangsu Agric. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"69231_CR25","first-page":"117","volume":"43","author":"L Ling","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ling, L., Yunling, M., Zhengliang, Y., Rongpin, Q. & Guanghui, H. Analysis of nutritive compositions of conifer needles from 3 pinaceae trees. J. West China Forestry Sci. 43(2), 117\u2013120 (2014).","journal-title":"J. West China Forestry Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"69231_CR26","first-page":"5","volume":"13","author":"L Youqing","year":"1999","unstructured":"Youqing, L. & Jianguang, Li. Bionomics and occurrence of Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky). Plant Quarant. 13(1), 5\u20137 (1999).","journal-title":"Plant Quarant."},{"issue":"2","key":"69231_CR27","first-page":"330","volume":"45","author":"Yu Ma Shuangmin","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ma Shuangmin, Yu., Hong, L. C. & Mingzhi, Y. Plant gall biology. Chin. Bull. Entomol. 45(2), 330\u2013335 (2008).","journal-title":"Chin. Bull. Entomol."},{"issue":"6","key":"69231_CR28","first-page":"75","volume":"29","author":"M Qi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Qi, M. & Wupengmao, X. A preliminary study of biological characteristics of Tetranychid on clove tree. J. Qinghai Univ. (Nat. Sci.) 29(6), 75\u201379 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Qinghai Univ. (Nat. Sci.)"},{"issue":"1","key":"69231_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s11829-009-9081-8","volume":"4","author":"JI Martinez","year":"2010","unstructured":"Martinez, J. I. Anti-insect effects of the gall wall of Baizongia pistaciae [l], a gall-inducing aphid on Pistacia palaestina boiss. Arthropod Plant Interact. 4(1), 29\u201334 (2010).","journal-title":"Arthropod Plant Interact."},{"issue":"1","key":"69231_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.es.11.110180.001003","volume":"11","author":"WJ Mattson","year":"1980","unstructured":"Mattson, W. J. Herbivory in relation to plant nitrogen content. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 11(1), 119\u2013161 (1980).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst."},{"issue":"3","key":"69231_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1603\/EC14073","volume":"107","author":"Y Nam","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nam, Y. & Choi, W. I. An empirical predictive model for the spring emergence of Thecodiplosis japonensis (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae): Model construction and validation on the basis of 25 years of field observation data. J. Econ. Entomol. 107(3), 1136\u20131141 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Econ. Entomol."},{"issue":"7","key":"69231_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1021\/jf00019a007","volume":"40","author":"MO Nisperos-carriedo","year":"1992","unstructured":"Nisperos-carriedo, M. O., Buslig, B. S. & Shaw, P. E. Simultaneous detection of dehydroascorbic, ascorbic, and some organic acids in fruits and vegetables by HPLC. J. Agric. Food Chem. 40(7), 1127\u20131130 (1992).","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"issue":"24","key":"69231_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13184","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.230294097","volume":"97","author":"T Nyman","year":"2000","unstructured":"Nyman, T. & Julkunen-tiitto, R. Manipulation of the phenolic chemistry of willows by gall-inducing sawflies. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 97(24), 13184\u201313187 (2000).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"69231_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0269-8463.2001.00552.x","volume":"15","author":"M Petersen","year":"2001","unstructured":"Petersen, M. & Sandstr\u00f6m, J. Outcome of indirect competition between two aphid species mediated by responses in their common host plant. Funct. Ecol. 15(4), 525\u2013534 (2001).","journal-title":"Funct. Ecol."},{"key":"69231_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/S1360-1385(00)01741-6","volume":"5","author":"E Pichersky","year":"2000","unstructured":"Pichersky, E. & Gang, D. R. Genetics and biochemistry of secondary metabolites in plants: An evolutionary perspective. Trends Plant Sci. 5, 439\u2013445 (2000).","journal-title":"Trends Plant Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"69231_CR36","first-page":"361","volume":"88","author":"PW Price","year":"1986","unstructured":"Price, P. W., Waring, G. L. & Fernandes, G. W. Hypotheses on the adaptive nature of galls. Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 88(2), 361\u2013363 (1986).","journal-title":"Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash."},{"key":"69231_CR37","first-page":"16","volume":"10","author":"Q Junde","year":"1985","unstructured":"Junde, Q. The relationship between insects and plants. Bull. Biol. 10, 16\u201318 (1985).","journal-title":"Bull. Biol."},{"key":"69231_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1910(94)90133-3","volume":"40","author":"J Sandstrm","year":"1994","unstructured":"Sandstrm, J. & Pettersson, J. Amino acid composition of phloem sap and the relation to intraspecific variation in pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) performance. J. Insect Physiol. 40, 947\u2013955 (1994).","journal-title":"J. Insect Physiol."},{"key":"69231_CR39","unstructured":"Lakshminarayan, S. (2013). Role of carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases in volatile emissions and insect resistance in Arabidopsis. https:\/\/ir.lib.uwo.ca\/etd\/1846."},{"key":"69231_CR40","volume-title":"Biology of Insect-Induced Galls","author":"JD Shorthouse","year":"1992","unstructured":"Shorthouse, J. D. & Rohfritsch, O. Biology of Insect-Induced Galls (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1992)."},{"issue":"3","key":"69231_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-7799(02)00041-0","volume":"21","author":"AC Singer","year":"2003","unstructured":"Singer, A. C., Crowley, D. E. & Thompson, I. P. Secondary plant metabolites in phytoremediation and biotransformation. Trends Biotechnol. 21(3), 123\u2013130 (2003).","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol."},{"issue":"3","key":"69231_CR42","first-page":"162","volume":"70","author":"V Skuhravy","year":"1973","unstructured":"Skuhravy, V. The development of the needle-shortening gall midge, thecodiplosis brachyntera, on the mountain pine, Pinus mugo Subsp. Mughus (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae). Acta Entomol. Bohemosl. 70(3), 162\u2013167 (1973).","journal-title":"Acta Entomol. Bohemosl."},{"issue":"2","key":"69231_CR43","first-page":"244","volume":"85","author":"D Son","year":"1996","unstructured":"Son, D., Eom, T., Seo, J. & Lee, S. Potential resistance factors in pine needles to pine gall midge. J. Korean Forestry Soc. 85(2), 244\u2013250 (1996).","journal-title":"J. Korean Forestry Soc."},{"issue":"3","key":"69231_CR44","first-page":"372","volume":"85","author":"D Son","year":"1996","unstructured":"Son, D., Eom, T., Seo, J. & Lee, S. A study on resistant substance to pine needle gall midge among phenolic compounds in pine needles. J. Korean Soc. Forest Sci. 85(3), 372\u2013380 (1996).","journal-title":"J. Korean Soc. Forest Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"69231_CR45","first-page":"267","volume":"119","author":"K Son","year":"2009","unstructured":"Son, K. Effects of the gregariousness of larvae in galls on the reproductive success of the pine needle gall midge, Thecodiplosis japonensis Uchida Et Inouye (Dipt., Cecidomyiidae). J. Appl. Entomol. 119(1), 267\u2013272 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Appl. Entomol."},{"key":"69231_CR46","first-page":"71","volume":"349","author":"K Sone","year":"1987","unstructured":"Sone, K. Ecological studies on the pine needle gall midge, Thecodiplosis japonensis Uchida Et Inouye (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). III Characteristic features of the infestation and its impacts on the growth of pine trees. Bull. Forestry Forest Products Res. Inst. Japan 349, 71\u201396 (1987).","journal-title":"Bull. Forestry Forest Products Res. Inst. Japan"},{"issue":"4","key":"69231_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0418.1987.tb01000.x","volume":"103","author":"K Son\u00e9","year":"1987","unstructured":"Son\u00e9, K. Population dynamics of the pine needle gall midge, Thecodiplosis japonensis Uchida Et Inouye (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae). J. Appl. Entomol. 103(4), 386\u2013402 (1987).","journal-title":"J. Appl. Entomol."},{"issue":"1","key":"69231_CR48","first-page":"32","volume":"68","author":"K Son\u00e9","year":"1986","unstructured":"Son\u00e9, K. Mortality factors before gall formation by the pine needle gall midge, Thecodiplosis japonensis Uchida Et Inouye (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). J. Japan. Forestry Soc. 68(1), 32\u201334 (1986).","journal-title":"J. Japan. Forestry Soc."},{"issue":"1357","key":"69231_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1995.0063","volume":"260","author":"DL Stern","year":"1995","unstructured":"Stern, D. L. Phylogenetic evidence that aphids, rather than plants, determine gall morphology. Proc. R. Society Lond. Series Biol. Sci. 260(1357), 85\u201389 (1995).","journal-title":"Proc. R. Society Lond. Series Biol. Sci."},{"issue":"1400","key":"69231_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1998.0387","volume":"265","author":"GN Stone","year":"1998","unstructured":"Stone, G. N. & Cook, J. M. The structure of cynipid oak galls: Patterns in the evolution of an extended phenotype. Proc. R. Society Lond. Series Biol. Sci. 265(1400), 979\u2013988 (1998).","journal-title":"Proc. R. Society Lond. Series Biol. Sci."},{"issue":"10","key":"69231_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-5347(03)00247-7","volume":"18","author":"GN Stone","year":"2003","unstructured":"Stone, G. N. & Sch\u00f6nrogge, K. The adaptive significance of insect gall morphology. Trends Ecol. Evol. 18(10), 512\u2013522 (2003).","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. Evol."},{"issue":"1","key":"69231_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ento.47.091201.145247","volume":"47","author":"GN Stone","year":"2002","unstructured":"Stone, G. N., Sch\u00f6nrogge, K., Atkinson, R. J., Bellido, D. & Pujade-villar, J. The population biology of oak gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). Annu. Rev. Entomol. 47(1), 633\u2013668 (2002).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Entomol."},{"issue":"12","key":"69231_CR53","first-page":"2169","volume":"8","author":"E Truernit","year":"1996","unstructured":"Truernit, E., Schmid, J., Epple, P., Illig, J. & Sauer, N. The sink-specific and stress-regulated arabidopsis stp4 gene: Enhanced expression of a gene encoding a monosaccharide transporter by wounding, elicitors, and pathogen challenge. Plant Cell 8(12), 2169\u20132182 (1996).","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"issue":"2","key":"69231_CR54","first-page":"212","volume":"40","author":"W Chenzhu","year":"1997","unstructured":"Chenzhu, W. & Junde, Q. Protease inhibitors in plants contributing to resistance to insects: An overview. Acta Entomol. Sin. 40(2), 212\u2013218 (1997).","journal-title":"Acta Entomol. Sin."},{"issue":"5","key":"69231_CR55","first-page":"42","volume":"37","author":"W Haoyun","year":"2017","unstructured":"Haoyun, W., Guijie, D., Xie Weibin, Wu. & Feng, Z. G. Growth and photosynthetic pigment content of superiorseedlings of Pinus massoniana. J. Southw. Forestry Univ. 37(5), 42\u201347 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Southw. Forestry Univ."},{"issue":"3","key":"69231_CR56","first-page":"100","volume":"48","author":"W Mo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mo, W., Yan, J., Zhaojun, M. & Shanchun, Y. Adaptability of larval growth and development in Hyphantria cunea to different host plant secondary metabolites. J. Northe. Forestry Univ. 48(3), 100\u2013104 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Northe. Forestry Univ."},{"issue":"2","key":"69231_CR57","first-page":"23","volume":"23","author":"W Shaolin","year":"2004","unstructured":"Shaolin, W., Minghui, X., Wang Hongqi, Su. & Lianheng, F. K. Bionomics of Acantholyda posticalis and its biological control techniques. Forest Pest Disease 23(2), 23\u201326 (2004).","journal-title":"Forest Pest Disease"},{"issue":"6","key":"69231_CR58","first-page":"521","volume":"21","author":"W Wei","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wei, W. et al. Effects on secondary metabolite contents in eucalyptus strains damaged by Leptocybe invasa. J. Trop. Subtrop. Bot. 21(6), 521\u2013528 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Trop. Subtrop. Bot."},{"issue":"1","key":"69231_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.en.33.010188.002343","volume":"33","author":"AE Weis","year":"1988","unstructured":"Weis, A. E., Walton, R. & Crego, C. L. Reactive plant tissue sites and the population biology of gall makers. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 33(1), 467\u2013486 (1988).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Entomol."},{"key":"69231_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1622","DOI":"10.1603\/EN11088","volume":"40","author":"S Wei","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wei, S. et al. Enhanced beta-ionone emission in Arabidopsis over-expressing AtCCD1 reduces feeding damage in vivo by the crucifer flea beetle. Environ Entomol. 40, 1622\u20131630 (2011).","journal-title":"Environ Entomol."},{"issue":"5","key":"69231_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1139\/b81-122","volume":"59","author":"E Westphal","year":"1981","unstructured":"Westphal, E., Bronner, R. & Ret, M. L. Changes in leaves of susceptible and resistant solanum dulcamara infested by the gall mite Eriophyes cladophthirus (Acarina, Eriophyoidea). Can. J. Bot. 59(5), 875\u2013882 (1981).","journal-title":"Can. J. Bot."},{"issue":"7","key":"69231_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/S1360-1385(00)01681-2","volume":"5","author":"LE Williams","year":"2000","unstructured":"Williams, L. E., Lemoine, R. & Sauer, N. Sugar transporters in higher plants\u2014A diversity of roles and complex regulation. Trends Plant Sci. 5(7), 283\u2013290 (2000).","journal-title":"Trends Plant Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"69231_CR63","first-page":"175","volume":"41","author":"D Wool","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wool, D. & Bar-el, N. Population ecology of the galling aphid forda formicaria von heyden in Israel: Abundance, demography, and gall structure. Israel J. Ecol. Evolut. 41(2), 175\u2013192 (2013).","journal-title":"Israel J. Ecol. Evolut."},{"issue":"4","key":"69231_CR64","first-page":"509","volume":"95","author":"D Wool","year":"1998","unstructured":"Wool, D. & Ben-zvi, O. Population ecology and clone dynamics of the galling aphid Geoica wertheimae (Sternorrhyncha: Pemphigidae: Fordinae). Eur. J. Entomol. 95(4), 509\u2013518 (1998).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Entomol."},{"issue":"2","key":"69231_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02513556","volume":"33","author":"D Wool","year":"1991","unstructured":"Wool, D. & Burstein, M. A galling aphid with extra life-cycle complexity: Population ecology and evolutionary considerations. Popul. Ecol. 33(2), 307\u2013322 (1991).","journal-title":"Popul. Ecol."},{"issue":"1","key":"69231_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02515543","volume":"28","author":"D Wool","year":"1986","unstructured":"Wool, D. & Manheim, O. Population ecology of the gall-forming aphid, Aploneura lentisci (pass) in Israel. Popul. Ecol. 28(1), 151\u2013162 (1986).","journal-title":"Popul. Ecol."},{"key":"69231_CR67","first-page":"16","volume":"1","author":"Wu Zhijie","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zhijie, Wu., Yinghan, L. & Hong, C. Research progress of resistant active components in Momordica Charantia leaves. Biol. Bull. 1, 16\u201319 (2009).","journal-title":"Biol. Bull."},{"issue":"1","key":"69231_CR68","first-page":"1","volume":"33","author":"Y Hongqiang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hongqiang, Y. & Huajun, G. Journal of plant physiology and molecular biology. Physiol. Funct. Arginine Metab. Plants 33(1), 1\u20138 (2007).","journal-title":"Physiol. Funct. Arginine Metab. Plants"},{"issue":"4","key":"69231_CR69","first-page":"134","volume":"27","author":"Y Hongqiang","year":"1996","unstructured":"Hongqiang, Y. & Yuling, J. Relationship between polyamines and development of fruit tree. J. Shandong Agric. Univ. 27(4), 134\u2013140 (1996).","journal-title":"J. Shandong Agric. Univ."},{"issue":"4","key":"69231_CR70","first-page":"339","volume":"32","author":"Y Mingzhi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mingzhi, Y., Hanbo, Z., Chengchen, Li. & Shuangmin, Ma. Physiological responses of gall tissues on Ivytree leaves induced by thrip. Acta Bot. Yunnanica 32(4), 339\u2013346 (2010).","journal-title":"Acta Bot. Yunnanica"},{"issue":"5","key":"69231_CR71","first-page":"1158","volume":"52","author":"Y Zhibin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhibin, Y., Hai, L. & Lan, G. Determination of total tritepenoidic in leaves and stems of Polyalthia rumphii by Ultraviolet spectrophotometry. Hubei Agric. Sci. 52(5), 1158\u20131160 (2013).","journal-title":"Hubei Agric. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"69231_CR72","first-page":"1299","volume":"36","author":"Y Cao","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cao, Y., Dai, H., Cao, W. & Han, Z. Determination of total phenols in Zizyphus jujuba mill by folin-ciocaileu colorimetry. Anhui Agric. Sci. 36(4), 1299\u20131302 (2008).","journal-title":"Anhui Agric. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"69231_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2005.12.009","volume":"580","author":"K Yazaki","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yazaki, K. Abc transporters involved in the transport of plant secondary metabolites. Febs Letters. 580(4), 1183\u20131191 (2006).","journal-title":"Febs Letters."},{"issue":"3","key":"69231_CR74","first-page":"239","volume":"8","author":"Z Chunling","year":"1993","unstructured":"Chunling, Z., Zhiwen, Li. & Aiying, G. Studies on biological characteristics of Hyphantria cunea. J. Hebei Forestry Coll. 8(3), 239\u2013243 (1993).","journal-title":"J. Hebei Forestry Coll."},{"issue":"1","key":"69231_CR75","first-page":"28","volume":"24","author":"Z Huafeng","year":"2004","unstructured":"Huafeng, Z., Shunli, C., Jianhua, Z. & Silu, Z. Effect of Monochamus alternatus on the composition of chemical materials in needles of Pinus massonina. J. Fujiian Coll. For. 24(1), 28\u201331 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Fujiian Coll. For."},{"issue":"5","key":"69231_CR76","first-page":"84","volume":"33","author":"Z Ying","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ying, Z., Liqing, D., Wenchang, D., Haiping, Li. & Shujun, F. Study on the relationship between Aceria palida Keifer gall and its population. J. Inner Mongol. Agric. Univ. 33(5), 84\u201386 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Inner Mongol. Agric. Univ."},{"key":"69231_CR77","unstructured":"Yifan, Z., Shixiong, W. Sustainable research and exploitation on insect resources. In: China Biodiversity Conservation Foundation. The Fifth International Conference on Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization. China Biodiversity Conservation Foundation, pp\u00a0238\u2013240. (2005)."},{"issue":"1","key":"69231_CR78","first-page":"31","volume":"25","author":"Z Xiaohong","year":"1990","unstructured":"Xiaohong, Z., Xianshi, L. & Aihua, C. A study on Nai Plum\u2019s flower bud differentiation and its major content of metabolic production. J. Hunan Agric. Univ. 25(1), 31\u201335 (1990).","journal-title":"J. Hunan Agric. Univ."},{"issue":"1","key":"69231_CR79","first-page":"32","volume":"27","author":"Z Lin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lin, Z. Application and research in the bioactivity of Botanical alkaloids against insects. J. Henan Forestry Sci. Technol. 27(1), 32\u201336 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Henan Forestry Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"7","key":"69231_CR80","first-page":"1284","volume":"51","author":"Z Yuyong","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yuyong, Z., Li, C. & Wang, J. Impact of free amino acid composition of plant phloem sap and pea aphid itself when it takes food. Xinjiang Agric. Sci. 51(7), 1284\u20131291 (2014).","journal-title":"Xinjiang Agric. Sci."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-020-69231-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-020-69231-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-020-69231-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,6]],"date-time":"2022-12-06T14:16:52Z","timestamp":1670336212000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-020-69231-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["69231"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-69231-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 February 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 July 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 July 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"12289"}}