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There is an unmet need for a safe and effective vaccine for Q-fever. Correlates of immune protection to<jats:italic>Cb<\/jats:italic>infection are limited.\u00a0We proposed that analysis\u00a0by\u00a0longitudinal high dimensional immune (HDI) profiling\u00a0using mass cytometry\u00a0combined\u00a0with other measures of vaccination and protection could be used to identify novel correlates of effective vaccination and control of<jats:italic>Cb<\/jats:italic>infection.\u00a0Using a vaccine-challenge model in HLA-DR transgenic mice, we demonstrated\u00a0significant alterations in circulating T-cell and innate immune populations that distinguished vaccinated from na\u00efve mice within 10\u00a0days, and persisted until at least 35\u00a0days post-vaccination. Following challenge, vaccinated mice exhibited reduced bacterial burden and splenomegaly, along with distinct effector T-cell and monocyte profiles. Correlation of HDI data to serological and pathological measurements was performed. Our data indicate a Th1-biased response to<jats:italic>Cb<\/jats:italic>, consistent with previous reports, and identify Ly6C, CD73, and T-bet expression in T-cell, NK-cell, and monocytic populations as distinguishing features between vaccinated and na\u00efve mice. This study refines the understanding of the integrated immune response to<jats:italic>Cb<\/jats:italic>vaccine and challenge, which can inform the assessment of candidate vaccines for<jats:italic>Cb<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-69327-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,7]],"date-time":"2020-08-07T10:03:50Z","timestamp":1596794630000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Novel multiparameter correlates of Coxiella burnetii infection and vaccination identified by longitudinal deep immune profiling"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"P. 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