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Removal of theobromine from the millions of metric tons of cocoa pod husks (CPH) discarded annually could allow for the production of cheap, CPH-based animal feed. The aim of this study was to evaluate safety and nutritional value of bio-detheobrominated CPH in Sprague\u2013Dawley rats. Theobromine was removed from CPH by treatment with an isolate of <jats:italic>Talaromyces verruculosus<\/jats:italic> (TvTD). Substituted feeds containing CPH were formulated by replacing 30% or 50% of the maize content of regular rat feed with TvTD-treated or inactivated TvTD-treated CPH. Feeding groups included control groups without or with theobromine administration. Effects of the feed formulations on water and feed intake, weight gain, blood biochemistry and organ-specific toxicity were assessed. Rats ingesting theobromine in inactivated TvTD-treated CPH-based diet or by oral gavage variably exhibited marked deleterious effects, mainly evident in body weight, thymus wet weight and tissue histology. In contrast, substitution with TvTD-treated CPH caused significant increase in body weight. Substitution at 30% did not cause mortality or organ-specific toxicity with reference to the testes, kidneys, spleen or liver, unlike substitution at 50%. The data demonstrate that detheobrominated CPH may safely replace up to 30% of maize in animal feed formulations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-69763-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,4]],"date-time":"2020-08-04T10:04:15Z","timestamp":1596535455000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Nutritional value and safety of animal feed supplemented with Talaromyces verruculosus-treated cocoa pod husks"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Daniel","family":"Oduro-Mensah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Augustine","family":"Ocloo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Nortey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Antwi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laud K.","family":"Okine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naa A.","family":"Adamafio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"69763_CR1","unstructured":"Okai, D. 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