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Using new and available RNA-seq data, ten different genomic loci encoding Pgps were identified and characterized by transcriptome-guided RT-PCRs and Sanger sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis revealed an ascarid-specific Pgp lineage, Pgp-18, as well as two paralogues of Pgp-11 and Pgp-16. Comparative gene expression analyses in <jats:italic>P. univalens<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Caenorhabditis elegans<\/jats:italic> show that the intestine is the major site of expression but individual gene expression patterns were not conserved between the two nematodes. In <jats:italic>P. univalens<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Pun<\/jats:italic>Pgp-9, <jats:italic>Pun<\/jats:italic>Pgp-11.1 and <jats:italic>Pun<\/jats:italic>Pgp-16.2 consistently exhibited the highest expression level in two independent transcriptome data sets. Using RNA-Seq, no significant upregulation of any Pgp was detected following in vitro incubation of adult <jats:italic>P. univalens<\/jats:italic> with ivermectin suggesting that drug-induced upregulation is not the mechanism of Pgp-mediated ML resistance. Expression and functional analyses of <jats:italic>Pun<\/jats:italic>Pgp-2 and <jats:italic>Pun<\/jats:italic>Pgp-9 in <jats:italic>Saccharomyces cerevisiae<\/jats:italic> provide evidence for an interaction with ketoconazole and ivermectin, but not thiabendazole. Overall, this study established reliable reference gene models with significantly improved annotation for the <jats:italic>P. univalens<\/jats:italic> Pgp repertoire and provides a foundation for a better understanding of Pgp-mediated anthelmintic resistance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-70529-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,12]],"date-time":"2020-08-12T06:06:55Z","timestamp":1597212415000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["The P-glycoprotein repertoire of the equine parasitic nematode Parascaris univalens"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Alexander P.","family":"Gerhard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Kr\u00fccken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuel","family":"Heitlinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I. 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