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The most frequently affected areas include the vagina, oral cavity and the intestine. In severe cases, the fungi penetrate the epithelium and cause systemic infections. One approach to combat candidiasis is to prevent the adhesion of the fungal hyphae to the epithelium. Here we demonstrate that the endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA) and the endocannabinoid-like <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>-arachidonoyl serine (AraS) strongly prevent the adherence of <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic> hyphae to cervical epithelial cells, while the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) has only a minor inhibitory effect. In addition, we observed that both AEA and AraS prevent the yeast-hypha transition and perturb hyphal growth. Real-time PCR analysis showed that AEA represses the expression of the <jats:italic>HWP1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>ALS3<\/jats:italic> adhesins involved in <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> adhesion to epithelial cells and the <jats:italic>HGC1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>RAS1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>EFG1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>ZAP1<\/jats:italic> regulators of hyphal morphogenesis and cell adherence. On the other hand, AEA increased the expression of <jats:italic>NRG1<\/jats:italic>, a transcriptional repressor of filamentous growth. Altogether, our data show that AEA and AraS have potential anti-fungal activities by inhibiting hyphal growth and preventing hyphal adherence to epithelial cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-70650-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,13]],"date-time":"2020-08-13T10:05:13Z","timestamp":1597313113000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Anandamide prevents the adhesion of filamentous Candida albicans to cervical epithelial cells"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Ronit Vogt","family":"Sionov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Feldman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reem","family":"Smoum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raphael","family":"Mechoulam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doron","family":"Steinberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"70650_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1007\/s12275-011-1064-7","volume":"49","author":"J Kim","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kim, J. & Sudbery, P. 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