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This study therefore determined if the combination of sevoflurane and ADSCs exerted additional protective effects against acute lung injury (ALI) induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in rats. The animals were randomized into five groups: (sham operation (group I), CLP followed by mechanical ventilation (group II), CLP plus sevoflurane at 0.5 minimum alveolar concentration (group III), CLP plus intravenous autologous 5\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup> ADSCs (group IV), and CLP plus sevoflurane and ADSCs (group V). Levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1, transforming growth factor-\u03b21, interleukin-1\u03b2 and interleukin-6 were significantly increased in CLP rats. Moreover, epithelial sodium channel expression levels and activities of Na\/K-ATPase and alveolar fluid clearance were significantly reduced in CLP-induced ALI rats. ADSCs improved all these parameters, and these effects were further enhanced by the addition of sevoflurane. In conclusion, combined treatment with ADSCs and sevoflurane is superior to either ADSCs or sevoflurane therapy alone for preventing ALI. This beneficial effect may be partly due to improved alveolar fluid clearance by the paracrine or systemic production of keratinocyte growth factor and via anti-inflammatory properties.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-70767-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,13]],"date-time":"2020-08-13T10:06:45Z","timestamp":1597313205000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Autologous transplantation of adipose-derived stromal cells combined with sevoflurane ameliorates acute lung injury induced by cecal ligation and puncture in rats"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Zuodi","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heng","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rurong","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaohuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Pei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"70767_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa050333","volume":"353","author":"GD Rubenfeld","year":"2005","unstructured":"Rubenfeld, G. 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