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Here, we reconceptualised impulsivity and compulsivity as partially overlapping phenotypes using a bifactor modelling approach and estimated heritability for their shared and unique phenotypic variance within a classical twin design. Adult twin pairs (N\u2009=\u2009173) completed self-report questionnaires measuring psychological processes related to impulsivity and compulsivity. We fitted variance components models to three uncorrelated phenotypic dimensions: a general impulsive\u2013compulsive dimension; and two narrower phenotypes related to impulsivity and obsessiveness.There was evidence of moderate heritability for impulsivity (A<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090.33), modest additive genetic or common environmental effects for obsessiveness (A<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090.25; C<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090.23), and moderate effects of common environment (C<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090.36) for the general dimension, This general impulsive\u2013compulsive phenotype may reflect a quantitative liability to related mental health disorders that indexes exposure to potentially modifiable environmental risk factors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-71013-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T10:02:31Z","timestamp":1598954551000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Heritability of overlapping impulsivity and compulsivity dimensional phenotypes"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Jeggan","family":"Tiego","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel R.","family":"Chamberlain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben J.","family":"Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Dawson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucy","family":"Albertella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George J.","family":"Youssef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonardo F.","family":"Fontenelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Murat","family":"Y\u00fccel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"71013_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20566","volume":"17","author":"RF Krueger","year":"2018","unstructured":"Krueger, R. 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