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Evidence is limited regarding the risk factors for nocardiosis. The current study assessed clinical correlates of nocardiosis. A retrospective study was conducted based on medical records of consecutive adult patients (N\u2009=\u200960) with nocardiosis hospitalized during 2007\u20132018 at a tertiary hospital in central Israel. A matched comparison group of 120 patients was randomly selected among hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Multivariable conditional logistic regression models were fitted. Immunosuppressive pharmacotherapy was positively associated with nocardiosis (matched odds ratio [OR] 4.40, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.25\u20138.62,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), particularly corticosteroid therapy (matched OR 4.69, 95% CI 2.45\u20138.99,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Systemic corticosteroid therapy was strongly associated with pulmonary nocardiosis (matched OR 5.90, 95% CI 2.75\u201312.66,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The positive association between solid organ transplantation and nocardiosis was attenuated following adjustment for systemic corticosteroids in a multivariable model. The association between corticosteroid therapy and nocardiosis appeared stronger in patients with chronic pulmonary disease (OR 5.74, 95% CI 2.75\u201312.66,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) than in the pooled analysis of all nocardiosis cases. In conclusion, corticosteroid therapy was strongly correlated with nocardiosis, particularly among individuals with chronic pulmonary disease and in pulmonary nocardiosis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-71214-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,31]],"date-time":"2020-08-31T06:03:50Z","timestamp":1598853830000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Clinical correlates of nocardiosis"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Ili","family":"Margalit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elad","family":"Goldberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaara","family":"Ben Ari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haim","family":"Ben-Zvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yael","family":"Shostak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilan","family":"Krause","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khitam","family":"Muhsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"71214_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw241","volume":"63","author":"J Coussement","year":"2016","unstructured":"Coussement, J. et al. 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