{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T13:38:21Z","timestamp":1793713101439,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,7]],"date-time":"2020-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599436800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,7]],"date-time":"2020-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599436800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["U01CA179582"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01CA179582"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["U01CA179582"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01CA179582"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Long-term consumption of a diet with excessive fat and sucrose (Western diet, WD) leads to an elevated risk of obesity and metabolic syndrome in both males and females. However, there are sexual dimorphisms in metabolism which are apparent when considering the prevalence of complications of metabolic syndrome, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. This study aimed to elucidate the impact of a WD on the metabolome and the gut microbiota of male and female mice at 5, 10, and 15\u00a0months to capture the dynamic and comprehensive changes brought about by diet at different stages of life. Here we show that there are important considerations of age and sex that should be considered when assessing the impact of diet on the gut microbiome and health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-71592-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,7]],"date-time":"2020-09-07T10:02:52Z","timestamp":1599472972000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Long-term effects of western diet consumption in male and female mice"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Yu","family":"Hasegawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shin-Yu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lili","family":"Sheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prasant Kumar","family":"Jena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen M.","family":"Kalanetra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Mills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Jui Yvonne","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolyn M.","family":"Slupsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"71592_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2169","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.03.059","volume":"132","author":"SE Shoelson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Shoelson, S. E., Herrero, L. & Naaz, A. Obesity, inflammation, and insulin resistance. Gastroenterology 132, 2169\u20132180 (2007).","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"71592_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genm.2009.02.002","volume":"6","author":"EB Geer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Geer, E. B. & Shen, W. Gender differences in insulin resistance, body composition, and energy balance. Gend. Med. 6, 60\u201375 (2009).","journal-title":"Gend. Med."},{"key":"71592_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-002-0338-0","volume":"24","author":"HT Pitk\u00e4nen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Pitk\u00e4nen, H. T., Oja, S. S., Kemppainen, K., Sepp\u00e4, J. M. & Mero, A. A. Serum amino acid concentrations in aging men and women. Amino Acids 24, 413\u2013421 (2003).","journal-title":"Amino Acids"},{"key":"71592_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2011.126","volume":"7","author":"NM Delzenne","year":"2011","unstructured":"Delzenne, N. M., Neyrinck, A. M., B\u00e4ckhed, F. & Cani, P. D. Targeting gut microbiota in obesity: effects of prebiotics and probiotics. Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 7, 639\u2013646 (2011).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"71592_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1159\/000328042","volume":"58","author":"F B\u00e4ckhed","year":"2011","unstructured":"B\u00e4ckhed, F. Programming of host metabolism by the gut microbiota. Ann. Nutr. Metab. 58, 44\u201352 (2011).","journal-title":"Ann. Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"71592_CR6","first-page":"4186","volume":"9","author":"C Sun","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sun, C. et al. Effect of fasting time on measuring mouse blood glucose level. Int J Clin Exp Med 9, 4186\u20134189 (2016).","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Med"},{"key":"71592_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-010-0255-2","volume":"7","author":"I Rubio-Aliaga","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rubio-Aliaga, I. et al. Metabolomics of prolonged fasting in humans reveals new catabolic markers. Metabolomics 7, 375\u2013387 (2011).","journal-title":"Metabolomics"},{"key":"71592_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-011-0294-0","volume":"52","author":"KU Yun","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yun, K. U. et al. Plasma homocysteine level and hepatic sulfur amino acid metabolism in mice fed a high-fat diet. Eur. J. Nutr. 52, 127\u2013134 (2013).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"71592_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2011.651177","volume":"55","author":"R Comitato","year":"2015","unstructured":"Comitato, R., Saba, A., Turrini, A., Arganini, C. & Virgili, F. Sex hormones and macronutrient metabolism. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 55, 227\u2013241 (2015).","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"71592_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20160485","volume":"131","author":"R Ventura-Clapier","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ventura-Clapier, R. et al. Mitochondria: a central target for sex differences in pathologies. Clin. Sci. 131, 803\u2013822 (2017).","journal-title":"Clin. Sci."},{"key":"71592_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012369454-6\/50074-1","volume-title":"The Mouse in Biomedical Research","author":"K Flurkey","year":"2007","unstructured":"Flurkey, K., Currer, M. J. & Harrison, D. E. Chapter 20: mouse models in aging research. In The Mouse in Biomedical Research 2nd edn (eds Fox, J. G. et al.) 637\u2013672 (Academic Press, London, 2007).","edition":"2"},{"key":"71592_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2017.02.004","volume":"28","author":"P Pissios","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pissios, P. Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase: more than a vitamin B3 clearance enzyme. Trends Endocrinol. Metab. TEM 28, 340\u2013353 (2017).","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab. TEM"},{"key":"71592_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1080\/07435800.2017.1381972","volume":"43","author":"B Rudolphi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rudolphi, B. et al. Body weight predicts Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase activity in mouse fat. Endocr. Res. 43, 55\u201363 (2018).","journal-title":"Endocr. Res."},{"key":"71592_CR14","first-page":"1","volume":"8","author":"M Komatsu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Komatsu, M. et al. NNMT activation can contribute to the development of fatty liver disease by modulating the NAD + metabolism. Sci. Rep. 8, 1\u201315 (2018).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"71592_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2013.10.006","volume":"3","author":"M Boutant","year":"2014","unstructured":"Boutant, M. & Cant\u00f3, C. SIRT1 metabolic actions: integrating recent advances from mouse models. Mol. Metab. 3, 5\u201318 (2014).","journal-title":"Mol. Metab."},{"key":"71592_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3882","volume":"21","author":"S Hong","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hong, S. et al. Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase regulates hepatic nutrient metabolism through Sirt1 protein stabilization. Nat. Med. 21, 887\u2013894 (2015).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"71592_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-017-0556-1","volume":"34","author":"S Ballestri","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ballestri, S. et al. NAFLD as a sexual dimorphic disease: role of gender and reproductive status in the development and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and inherent cardiovascular risk. Adv. Ther. 34, 1291\u20131326 (2017).","journal-title":"Adv. Ther."},{"key":"71592_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.19370","volume":"13","author":"R-B Ding","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ding, R.-B., Bao, J. & Deng, C.-X. Emerging roles of SIRT1 in fatty liver diseases. Int. J. Biol. Sci. 13, 852\u2013867 (2017).","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"71592_CR19","first-page":"2622","volume":"21","author":"M Resseguie","year":"2007","unstructured":"Resseguie, M. et al. Phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT) gene expression is induced by estrogen in human and mouse primary hepatocytes. FASEB J. Off. Publ. Fed. Am. Soc. Exp. Biol. 21, 2622\u20132632 (2007).","journal-title":"FASEB J. Off. Publ. Fed. Am. Soc. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"71592_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33237","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R700028200","volume":"282","author":"DE Vance","year":"2007","unstructured":"Vance, D. E., Li, Z. & Jacobs, R. L. Hepatic phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase, unexpected roles in animal biochemistry and physiology. J. Biol. Chem. 282, 33237\u201333241 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"71592_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R700019-JLR200","volume":"49","author":"Z Li","year":"2008","unstructured":"Li, Z. & Vance, D. E. Phosphatidylcholine and choline homeostasis. J. Lipid Res. 49, 1187\u20131194 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"71592_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(93)90198-W","volume":"42","author":"RH Allen","year":"1993","unstructured":"Allen, R. H., Stabler, S. P. & Lindenbaum, J. Serum betaine, N, N-dimethylglycine and N-methylglycine levels in patients with cobalamin and folate deficiency and related inborn errors of metabolism. Metabolism 42, 1448\u20131460 (1993).","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"71592_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3571","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2012-1340","volume":"153","author":"R Diaz Brinton","year":"2012","unstructured":"Diaz Brinton, R. Minireview: translational animal models of human menopause: challenges and emerging opportunities. Endocrinology 153, 3571\u20133578 (2012).","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"71592_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2009.03.009","volume":"1793","author":"J-Q Chen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chen, J.-Q., Brown, T. R. & Russo, J. Regulation of energy metabolism pathways by estrogens and estrogenic chemicals and potential implications in obesity associated with increased exposure to endocrine disruptors. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1793, 1128\u20131143 (2009).","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"71592_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2017.08.004","volume":"92","author":"E Kapoor","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kapoor, E., Collazo-Clavell, M. L. & Faubion, S. S. Weight gain in women at midlife: a concise review of the pathophysiology and strategies for management. Mayo Clin. Proc. 92, 1552\u20131558 (2017).","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"key":"71592_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-2115(96)02383-4","volume":"66","author":"TAW Goddijn-Wessel","year":"1996","unstructured":"Goddijn-Wessel, T. A. W. et al. Hyperhomocysteinemia: a risk factor for placental abruption or infarction. Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. 66, 23\u201329 (1996).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol."},{"key":"71592_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00179.2010","volume":"43","author":"I Rubio-Aliaga","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rubio-Aliaga, I. et al. Alterations in hepatic one-carbon metabolism and related pathways following a high-fat dietary intervention. Physiol. Genomics 43, 408\u2013416 (2011).","journal-title":"Physiol. Genomics"},{"key":"71592_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1159\/000452819","volume":"69","author":"B Koletzko","year":"2016","unstructured":"Koletzko, B. Human milk lipids. Ann. Nutr. Metab. 69, 28\u201340 (2016).","journal-title":"Ann. Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"71592_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1817","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.281.19.1817","volume":"281","author":"PM Ridker","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ridker, P. M. et al. Homocysteine and risk of cardiovascular disease among postmenopausal women. JAMA 281, 1817\u20131821 (1999).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"71592_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-018-0461-0","volume":"6","author":"L Hoyles","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hoyles, L. et al. Metabolic retroconversion of trimethylamine N-oxide and the gut microbiota. Microbiome 6, 73 (2018).","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"71592_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1021\/pr050255h","volume":"5","author":"CL Gavaghan McKee","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gavaghan McKee, C. L., Wilson, I. D. & Nicholson, J. K. Metabolic phenotyping of nude and normal (Alpk:ApfCD, C57BL10J) Mice. J. Proteome Res. 5, 378\u2013384 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Proteome Res."},{"key":"71592_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.117.077636","volume":"46","author":"S Veeravalli","year":"2018","unstructured":"Veeravalli, S. et al. Effect of flavin-containing monooxygenase genotype, mouse strain, and gender on trimethylamine n-oxide production, plasma cholesterol concentration, and an index of atherosclerosis. Drug Metab. Dispos. 46, 20\u201325 (2018).","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Dispos."},{"key":"71592_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2017.09.108","volume":"493","author":"G Sun","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sun, G. et al. Gut microbial metabolite TMAO contributes to renal dysfunction in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 493, 964\u2013970 (2017).","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"71592_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2012.12.011","volume":"17","author":"BJ Bennett","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bennett, B. J. et al. Trimethylamine-N-oxide, a metabolite associated with atherosclerosis, exhibits complex genetic and dietary regulation. Cell Metab. 17, 49\u201360 (2013).","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"71592_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2007.00837.x","volume":"10","author":"J Shearer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Shearer, J. et al. Metabolomic profiling of dietary-induced insulin resistance in the high fat-fed C57BL\/6J mouse. Diabetes Obes. Metab. 10, 950\u2013958 (2008).","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."},{"key":"71592_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-010-0243-6","volume":"7","author":"MS Klein","year":"2011","unstructured":"Klein, M. S. et al. Discrimination of steatosis and NASH in mice using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Metabolomics 7, 237\u2013246 (2011).","journal-title":"Metabolomics"},{"key":"71592_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2015-04-638858","volume":"126","author":"D Weber","year":"2015","unstructured":"Weber, D. et al. Low urinary indoxyl sulfate levels early after transplantation reflect a disrupted microbiome and are associated with poor outcome. Blood 126, 1723\u20131728 (2015).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"71592_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1897","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2013101062","volume":"25","author":"R Vanholder","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vanholder, R., Schepers, E., Pletinck, A., Nagler, E. V. & Glorieux, G. The uremic toxicity of indoxyl sulfate and p-cresyl sulfate: a systematic review. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. JASN 25, 1897\u20131907 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. JASN"},{"key":"71592_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1021\/pr300900b","volume":"12","author":"HJ Lees","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lees, H. J., Swann, J. R., Wilson, I. D., Nicholson, J. K. & Holmes, E. Hippurate: the natural history of a mammalian-microbial cometabolite. J. Proteome Res. 12, 1527\u20131546 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Proteome Res."},{"key":"71592_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20087","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1008189107","volume":"107","author":"JM Ross","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ross, J. M. et al. High brain lactate is a hallmark of aging and caused by a shift in the lactate dehydrogenase A\/B ratio. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 107, 20087\u201320092 (2010).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"71592_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e79977","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0079977","volume":"8","author":"F Ding","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ding, F., Yao, J., Rettberg, J. R., Chen, S. & Brinton, R. D. Early decline in glucose transport and metabolism precedes shift to Ketogenic system in female aging and Alzheimer\u2019s mouse brain: implication for bioenergetic intervention. PLoS ONE 8, e79977 (2013).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"71592_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glx193","volume":"73","author":"AR Hernandez","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hernandez, A. R. et al. The antiepileptic ketogenic diet alters hippocampal transporter levels and reduces adiposity in aged rats. J. Gerontol. A. Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 73, 450\u2013458 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. A. Biol. Sci. Med. Sci."},{"key":"71592_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2012.10.008","volume":"1488","author":"M Roy","year":"2012","unstructured":"Roy, M. et al. The ketogenic diet increases brain glucose and ketone uptake in aged rats: a dual tracer PET and volumetric MRI study. Brain Res. 1488, 14\u201323 (2012).","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"71592_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2152","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-120-5-2152","volume":"120","author":"Y Okuda","year":"1987","unstructured":"Okuda, Y., Kawai, K. & Yamashita, K. Age-related change in ketone body metabolism: diminished glucagon effect on ketogenesis in adult rats. Endocrinology 120, 2152\u20132157 (1987).","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"71592_CR45","first-page":"586","volume":"51","author":"AL Hampton","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hampton, A. L. et al. Progression of ulcerative dermatitis lesions in C57BL\/6Crl mice and the development of a scoring system for dermatitis lesions. J. Am. Assoc. Lab. Anim. Sci. JAALAS 51, 586\u2013593 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Am. Assoc. Lab. Anim. Sci. JAALAS"},{"key":"71592_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1021\/pr3009176","volume":"12","author":"A O\u2019Sullivan","year":"2013","unstructured":"O\u2019Sullivan, A. et al. Metabolomics of cerebrospinal fluid from humans treated for rabies. J. Proteome Res. 12, 481\u2013490 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Proteome Res."},{"key":"71592_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4430","DOI":"10.1021\/ac060209g","volume":"78","author":"AM Weljie","year":"2006","unstructured":"Weljie, A. M., Newton, J., Mercier, P., Carlson, E. & Slupsky, C. M. Targeted profiling: quantitative analysis of 1H NMR metabolomics data. Anal. Chem. 78, 4430\u20134442 (2006).","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"71592_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-016-0028-x","volume":"7","author":"L Sheng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sheng, L. et al. Gender differences in bile acids and microbiota in relationship with gender dissimilarity in steatosis induced by diet and FXR inactivation. Sci. Rep. 7, 1\u20132 (2017).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"71592_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E139","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1317377110","volume":"111","author":"NA Bokulich","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bokulich, N. A., Thorngate, J. H., Richardson, P. M. & Mills, D. A. Microbial biogeography of wine grapes is conditioned by cultivar, vintage, and climate. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 111, E139\u2013E148 (2014).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"71592_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.09.022","volume":"64","author":"H-X Liu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Liu, H.-X., Rocha, C. S., Dandekar, S. & Wan, Y.-J.Y. Functional analysis of the relationship between intestinal microbiota and the expression of hepatic genes and pathways during the course of liver regeneration. J. Hepatol. 64, 641\u2013650 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"71592_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.f.303","volume":"7","author":"JG Caporaso","year":"2010","unstructured":"Caporaso, J. G. et al. QIIME allows analysis of high-throughput community sequencing data. Nat. Methods 7, 335\u2013336 (2010).","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"71592_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3869","volume":"13","author":"BJ Callahan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Callahan, B. J. et al. DADA2: High-resolution sample inference from Illumina amplicon data. Nat. Methods 13, 581\u2013583 (2016).","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"71592_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00162-16","DOI":"10.1128\/mSystems.00162-16","volume":"2","author":"JT Morton","year":"2017","unstructured":"Morton, J. T. et al. Balance trees reveal microbial niche differentiation. mSystems 2, e00162-16 (2017).","journal-title":"mSystems"},{"key":"71592_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203771587","volume-title":"Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences","author":"J Cohen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cohen, J. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, New Jersey, 2013)."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-020-71592-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-020-71592-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-020-71592-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,6]],"date-time":"2022-12-06T19:21:26Z","timestamp":1670354486000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-020-71592-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,7]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["71592"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-71592-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 December 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 August 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 September 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"DAM is a cofounder of Evolve Biosystems Inc., a company focused on diet-based manipulation of the gut microbiota. Evolve Biosystems played no role in the origination, design, execution, interpretation, or publication of this work. All other authors have no conflicts of interests with respect to the data collected and procedures used within this study.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"14686"}}