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We implanted two individuals with locked-in syndrome with a chronic brain\u2013computer interface designed to restore independent communication. The implanted system (Utrecht NeuroProsthesis) included electrode strips placed subdurally over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. In both participants, counting backwards activated the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex consistently over the course of 47 and 22\u00a0months, respectively. Moreover, both participants were able to use this signal to control a cursor in one dimension, with average accuracy scores of 78\u2009\u00b1\u20099% (standard deviation) and 71\u2009\u00b1\u200911% (chance level: 50%), respectively. Brain\u2013computer interface control based on dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activity is feasible in people with locked-in syndrome and may become of relevance for those unable to use sensorimotor signals for control.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-71774-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,22]],"date-time":"2020-09-22T10:04:02Z","timestamp":1600769042000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex-based control with an implanted brain\u2013computer interface"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1919-6245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sacha","family":"Leinders","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9252-5116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariska J.","family":"Vansteensel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7316-8846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana P.","family":"Branco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zac V.","family":"Freudenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elmar G. 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