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We characterized the gastric mucosal inflammatory response associated with gastric MALT lymphoma (GML) and identified APRIL-producing cells in two model systems: an APRIL transgenic mouse model of GML induced by <jats:italic>Helicobacter<\/jats:italic> infection (Tg-hAPRIL) and human gastric biopsy samples from <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>-infected GML patients. In the mouse model, polarization of T helper 1 (<jats:italic>tbet<\/jats:italic>), T helper 2 (<jats:italic>gata3<\/jats:italic>), and regulatory T cell (<jats:italic>foxp3<\/jats:italic>) responses was evaluated by quantitative PCR. In humans, a significant increase in <jats:italic>april<\/jats:italic> gene expression was observed in GML compared to gastritis. APRIL-producing cells were eosinophilic polynuclear cells located within lymphoid infiltrates, and tumoral B lymphocytes were targeted by APRIL. Together, the results of this study demonstrate that the Treg-balanced inflammatory environment is important for gastric lymphomagenesis induced by <jats:italic>Helicobacter<\/jats:italic> species, and suggest the pro-tumorigenic potential of APRIL-producing eosinophils.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-71792-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,10]],"date-time":"2020-09-10T11:32:35Z","timestamp":1599737555000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["APRIL-producing eosinophils are involved in gastric MALT lymphomagenesis induced by Helicobacter sp infection"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Alice","family":"Blosse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Peru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Levy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benoit","family":"Marteyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pauline","family":"Floch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elodie","family":"Sifr\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alban","family":"Giese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martine","family":"Prochazkova-Carlotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lamia","family":"Azzi Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Dubus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francis","family":"M\u00e9graud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agn\u00e8s","family":"Ruskone Fournestraux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bettina","family":"Fabiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christiane","family":"Copie Bergman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cyrielle","family":"Robe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Hahne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bertrand","family":"Huard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Lehours","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"71792_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2009.02083.x","volume":"265","author":"AJ Ferreri","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ferreri, A. 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