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Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) has previously been shown to be antiarrhythmic in fetal hearts. This study was performed to investigate if UDCA protects against ischaemia-induced and reperfusion-induced arrhythmias in the adult myocardium, and compares the effect of acute (perfusion only) versus prolonged (2\u00a0weeks pre-treatment plus perfusion) UDCA administration. Langendorff-perfused adult Sprague\u2013Dawley rat hearts were subjected to acute regional ischaemia by ligation of the left anterior descending artery (10\u00a0min), followed by reperfusion (2\u00a0min), and arrhythmia incidence quantified. Prolonged UDCA administration reduced the incidence of acute ischaemia-induced arrhythmias (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.028), with a reduction in number of ventricular ectopic beats during the ischaemic phase compared with acute treatment (10\u2009\u00b1\u20093 vs 58\u2009\u00b1\u200915,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.036). No antiarrhythmic effect was observed in the acute UDCA administration group. Neither acute nor prolonged UDCA treatment altered the incidence of reperfusion arrhythmias. The antiarrhythmic effect of UDCA may be partially mediated by an increase in cardiac wavelength, due to the attenuation of conduction velocity slowing (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.03), and the preservation of Connexin43 phosphorylation during acute ischaemia (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.0027). The potential antiarrhythmic effects of prolonged UDCA administration merit further investigation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-72016-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,17]],"date-time":"2020-09-17T17:28:45Z","timestamp":1600363725000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Prolonged ursodeoxycholic acid administration reduces acute ischaemia-induced arrhythmias in adult rat hearts"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Elisa","family":"Ferraro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lidia","family":"Pozhidaeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David S.","family":"Pitcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Mansfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia Han Benjamin","family":"Koh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Williamson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oleg","family":"Aslanidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Gorelik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fu Siong","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"21","key":"72016_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2334","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.98.21.2334","volume":"98","author":"DP Zipes","year":"1998","unstructured":"Zipes, D. 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