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Our aim was to use this underexploited resource to extract RNA and identify genes that characterize active (endocapillary\u2013extracapillary proliferations) and chronic (tubulo-interstitial) renal lesions in total renal cortex. RNA was extracted from archival FFPE renal biopsies of 52 IgAN patients, 22 non-IgAN and normal renal tissue of 7 kidney living donors (KLD) as controls. Genome-wide gene expression profiles were obtained and biomarker identification was carried out comparing gene expression signatures a subset of IgAN patients with active (N\u2009=\u20098), and chronic (N\u2009=\u200912) renal lesions\n                    <jats:italic>versus<\/jats:italic>\n                    non-IgAN and KLD. Bioinformatic analysis identified transcripts for active (\n                    <jats:italic>DEFA4,<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:italic>TNFAIP6,<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:italic>FAR2<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and chronic (\n                    <jats:italic>LTB,<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:italic>CXCL6, ITGAX<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) renal lesions that were validated by RT-PCR and IHC. Finally, two of them (TNFAIP6 for active and CXCL6 for chronic) were confirmed in the urine of an independent cohort of IgAN patients compared with non-IgAN patients and controls. We have integrated transcriptomics with histomorphological scores, identified specific gene expression changes using the invaluable repository of archival renal biopsies and discovered two urinary biomarkers that may be used for specific clinical decision making.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-72026-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,16]],"date-time":"2020-09-16T06:03:22Z","timestamp":1600236202000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded renal biopsy tissues: an underexploited biospecimen resource for gene expression profiling in IgA nephropathy"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Sharon Natasha","family":"Cox","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Chiurlia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Divella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Rossini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grazia","family":"Serino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Bonomini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vittorio","family":"Sirolli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca B.","family":"Aiello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianluigi","family":"Zaza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabella","family":"Squarzoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Concetta","family":"Gangemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Stangou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aikaterini","family":"Papagianni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Haas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco Paolo","family":"Schena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"72026_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2199-8-118","volume":"8","author":"A Ribeiro-Silva","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ribeiro-Silva, A., Zhang, H. & Jeffrey, S. 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