{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T14:10:56Z","timestamp":1790431856448,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,29]],"date-time":"2020-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601337600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,29]],"date-time":"2020-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601337600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 ES07046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 ES07046"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30ES025128"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30ES025128"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R35ES030443"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R35ES030443"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R35ES030443"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R35ES030443"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 ES07046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 ES07046"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000139","name":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["STAR RD-83342002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["STAR RD-83342002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000139","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000139","name":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["STAR RD-83342002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["STAR RD-83342002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000139","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000139","name":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["STAR RD-83342002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["STAR RD-83342002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000139","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Emerging evidence demonstrates the importance of sufficient vitamin D (1\u03b1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) levels during early life stage development with deficiencies associated with long-term effects into adulthood. While vitamin D has traditionally been associated with mineral ion homeostasis, accumulating evidence suggests non-calcemic roles for vitamin D including metabolic homeostasis. In this study, we examined the hypothesis that vitamin D deficiency (VDD) during early life stage development precedes metabolic disruption. Three dietary cohorts of zebrafish were placed on engineered diets including a standard laboratory control diet, a vitamin D null diet, and a vitamin D enriched diet. Zebrafish grown on a vitamin D null diet between 2\u201312\u00a0months post fertilization (mpf) exhibited diminished somatic growth and enhanced central adiposity associated with accumulation and enlargement of visceral and subcutaneous adipose depots indicative of both adipocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia. VDD zebrafish exhibited elevated hepatic triglycerides, attenuated plasma free fatty acids and attenuated lipoprotein lipase activity consistent with hallmarks of dyslipidemia. VDD induced dysregulation of gene networks associated with growth hormone and insulin signaling, including induction of suppressor of cytokine signaling. These findings indicate that early developmental VDD impacts metabolic health by disrupting the balance between somatic growth and adipose accumulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-72622-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,29]],"date-time":"2020-09-29T06:03:40Z","timestamp":1601359420000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Vitamin D deficiency serves as a precursor to stunted growth and central adiposity in zebrafish"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Megan M.","family":"Knuth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debabrata","family":"Mahapatra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dereje","family":"Jima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debin","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce D.","family":"Hammock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mac","family":"Law","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seth W.","family":"Kullman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"72622_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.7556\/jaoa.2017.055","volume":"117","author":"KM Pfotenhauer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pfotenhauer, K. M. & Shubrook, J. H. Vitamin D deficiency, its role in health and disease, and current supplementation recommendations. J. Am. Osteopath. Assoc. 117, 301 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Am. Osteopath. Assoc."},{"key":"72622_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2013.05.011","volume":"88","author":"A Hossein-nezhad","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hossein-nezhad, A. & Holick, M. F. Vitamin D for health: a global perspective. Mayo Clin. Proc. Mayo Clin. 88, 720\u2013755 (2013).","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc. Mayo Clin."},{"key":"72622_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.3390\/nu5030949","volume":"5","author":"S Vanlint","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vanlint, S. Vitamin D and obesity. Nutrients 5, 949\u2013956 (2013).","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"72622_CR4","unstructured":"Obesity and Overweight. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/obesity-and-overweight (2018)."},{"key":"72622_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-3-3","volume":"3","author":"S Nammi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nammi, S., Koka, S., Chinnala, K. M. & Boini, K. M. Obesity: an overview on its current perspectives and treatment options. Nutr. J. 3, 3 (2004).","journal-title":"Nutr. J."},{"key":"72622_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-18-0541","author":"FY Ideraabdullah","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ideraabdullah, F. Y. et al. Maternal vitamin D deficiency and developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD). J. Endocrinol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/JOE-18-0541 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"72622_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.110.003921","volume":"93","author":"GV Krishnaveni","year":"2011","unstructured":"Krishnaveni, G. V. et al. Maternal vitamin D status during pregnancy and body composition and cardiovascular risk markers in Indian children: the Mysore Parthenon Study. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 93, 628\u2013635 (2011).","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"72622_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5603\/GP.2016.0008","author":"EB Gur","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gur, E. B. et al. Vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy may affect fetal thymus development. Ginekol. Pol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5603\/GP.2016.0008 (2016).","journal-title":"Ginekol. Pol."},{"key":"72622_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2015.03.008","volume":"286","author":"JE Hawes","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hawes, J. E. et al. Maternal vitamin D deficiency alters fetal brain development in the BALB\/c mouse. Behav. Brain Res. 286, 192\u2013200 (2015).","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"72622_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-016-0973-y","volume":"54","author":"TC Maia-Ceciliano","year":"2016","unstructured":"Maia-Ceciliano, T. C. et al. Maternal vitamin D-restricted diet has consequences in the formation of pancreatic islet\/insulin-signaling in the adult offspring of mice. Endocrine 54, 60\u201369 (2016).","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"72622_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-00995","volume":"104","author":"A Pramono","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pramono, A., Jocken, J. W. E., Essers, Y. P. G., Goossens, G. H. & Blaak, E. E. Vitamin D and tissue-specific insulin sensitivity in humans with overweight\/obesity. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 104, 49\u201356 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"72622_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.2337\/db18-1050","volume":"68","author":"S-M Aatsinki","year":"2019","unstructured":"Aatsinki, S.-M. et al. Fasting-induced transcription factors repress vitamin D bioactivation, a mechanism for vitamin D deficiency in diabetes. Diabetes 68, 918\u2013931 (2019).","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"72622_CR13","unstructured":"Hu, Z., Tang, L. & Xu, H.-L. Maternal vitamin D Deficiency and the risk of small for gestational age: a meta-analysis. 12 (2017)."},{"key":"72622_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v6.i8.1057","volume":"6","author":"KA Al-Shoumer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Al-Shoumer, K. A. & Al-Essa, T. M. Is there a relationship between vitamin D with insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus?. World J. Diabetes 6, 1057\u20131064 (2015).","journal-title":"World J. Diabetes"},{"key":"72622_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v7.i5.89","volume":"7","author":"A Nakashima","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nakashima, A., Yokoyama, K., Yokoo, T. & Urashima, M. Role of vitamin D in diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease. World J. Diabetes 7, 89 (2016).","journal-title":"World J. Diabetes"},{"key":"72622_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2619","DOI":"10.2337\/db08-0593","volume":"57","author":"NG Forouhi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Forouhi, N. G., Luan, J., Cooper, A., Boucher, B. J. & Wareham, N. J. Baseline serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D is predictive of future glycemic status and insulin resistance: the medical research council ely prospective study 1990\u20132000. Diabetes 57, 2619\u20132625 (2008).","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"72622_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3146","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3146","volume":"35","author":"A Pramono","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pramono, A., Jocken, J. W. E. & Blaak, E. E. Vitamin D deficiency in the aetiology of obesity-related insulin resistance. Diabetes Metab. Res. Rev. 35, e3146 (2019).","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Res. Rev."},{"key":"72622_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2016.08.004","volume":"165","author":"MA Abbas","year":"2017","unstructured":"Abbas, M. A. Physiological functions of Vitamin D in adipose tissue. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 165, 369\u2013381 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"72622_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2008-7802.250298","author":"M Hariri","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hariri, M. & Zohdi, S. Effect of vitamin D on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review of randomized controlled clinical trials. Int. J. Prev. Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/2008-7802.250298 (2019).","journal-title":"Int. J. Prev. Med."},{"key":"72622_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bonr.2018.04.004","volume":"8","author":"JE Gunton","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gunton, J. E. & Girgis, C. M. Vitamin D and muscle. Bone Rep. 8, 163\u2013167 (2018).","journal-title":"Bone Rep."},{"key":"72622_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1001383","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001383","volume":"10","author":"KS Vimaleswaran","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vimaleswaran, K. S. et al. Causal relationship between obesity and vitamin D status: bi-directional mendelian randomization analysis of multiple cohorts. PLOS Med. 10, e1001383 (2013).","journal-title":"PLOS Med."},{"key":"72622_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2840-12-17","volume":"12","author":"Y Huang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Huang, Y. et al. Lipoprotein lipase links vitamin D, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional epidemiological study. Cardiovasc. Diabetol. 12, 17 (2013).","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"key":"72622_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-1575","volume":"94","author":"R Kremer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kremer, R., Campbell, P. P., Reinhardt, T. & Gilsanz, V. Vitamin D status and its relationship to body fat, final height, and peak bone mass in young women. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 94, 67\u201373 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"72622_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1177\/2042018814547205","volume":"5","author":"CA Peterson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Peterson, C. A., Tosh, A. K. & Belenchia, A. M. Vitamin D insufficiency and insulin resistance in obese adolescents. Ther. Adv. Endocrinol. Metab. 5, 166\u2013189 (2014).","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"issue":"42","key":"72622_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2017.160","volume":"2005","author":"SEB Neelon","year":"2018","unstructured":"Neelon, S. E. B. et al. Maternal vitamin D, DNA methylation at imprint regulatory regions, and offspring weight at birth, 1 year, and 3 years. Int. J. Obes. 2005(42), 587\u2013593 (2018).","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes."},{"key":"72622_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2018.00091","volume":"6","author":"L Zang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zang, L., Maddison, L. A. & Chen, W. Zebrafish as a model for obesity and diabetes. Front. Cell Dev. Biol. 6, 91 (2018).","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"72622_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.04.066","volume":"19","author":"X Peng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Peng, X. et al. Fatty acid oxidation in zebrafish adipose tissue is promoted by 1\u03b1,25(OH)2D3. Cell Rep. 19, 1444\u20131455 (2017).","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"72622_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1476","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2012-1734","volume":"154","author":"SK McMenamin","year":"2013","unstructured":"McMenamin, S. K., Minchin, J. E. N., Gordon, T. N., Rawls, J. F. & Parichy, D. M. Dwarfism and increased adiposity in the gh1 mutant Zebrafish vizzini. Endocrinology 154, 1476\u20131487 (2013).","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"72622_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2018-00878","volume":"160","author":"Z Hu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hu, Z., Ai, N., Chen, W., Wong, Q.W.-L. & Ge, W. Loss of growth hormone gene (gh1) in zebrafish arrests folliculogenesis in females and delays spermatogenesis in males. Endocrinology 160, 568\u2013586 (2019).","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"72622_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e36474","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0036474","volume":"7","author":"C-Y Chu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chu, C.-Y. et al. Overexpression of Akt1 enhances adipogenesis and leads to lipoma formation in zebrafish. PLoS ONE 7, e36474 (2012).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"72622_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.025759","volume":"10","author":"JEN Minchin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Minchin, J. E. N. & Rawls, J. F. A classification system for zebrafish adipose tissues. Dis. Model. Mech. 10, 797\u2013809 (2017).","journal-title":"Dis. Model. Mech."},{"key":"72622_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2095.2009.00722.x","volume":"16","author":"E-J Lock","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lock, E.-J., Waagb\u00e3, R., Wendelaar Bonga, S. & Flik, G. The significance of vitamin D for fish: a review. Aquac. Nutr. 16, 100\u2013116 (2010).","journal-title":"Aquac. Nutr."},{"key":"72622_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(91)90355-F","volume":"48","author":"A Takeuchi","year":"1991","unstructured":"Takeuchi, A., Okano, T. & Kobayashi, T. The existence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3\u20131\u03b1-hydroxylase in the liver of carp and bastard halibut. Life Sci. 48, 275\u2013282 (1991).","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"72622_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s12899-017-0031-x","volume":"17","author":"K Landgraf","year":"2017","unstructured":"Landgraf, K. et al. Short-term overfeeding of zebrafish with normal or high-fat diet as a model for the development of metabolically healthy versus unhealthy obesity. BMC Physiol. 17, 4 (2017).","journal-title":"BMC Physiol."},{"key":"72622_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2018.00366","volume":"9","author":"B Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen, B., Zheng, Y.-M. & Zhang, J.-P. Comparative study of different diets-induced NAFLD models of zebrafish. Front. Endocrinol. 9, 366 (2018).","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"72622_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-48382-5_1","volume-title":"Obesity and Lipotoxicity","author":"A Engin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Engin, A. The definition and prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome. In Obesity and Lipotoxicity Vol. 960 (eds Engin, A. B. & Engin, A.) 1\u201317 (Springer, Berlin, 2017)."},{"key":"72622_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2019.05.020","volume":"16","author":"L Ran","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ran, L. et al. Loss of adipose growth hormone receptor in mice enhances local fatty acid trapping and impairs brown adipose tissue thermogenesis. iScience 16, 106\u2013121 (2019).","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"72622_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10050617","volume":"10","author":"M Mielenz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mielenz, M. et al. Growth hormone secretion patterns in german landrace (DL) fetuses and piglets compared to DL piglets with inherited 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 deficiency. Nutrients 10, 617 (2018).","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"72622_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2013.00074","volume":"4","author":"ET Won","year":"2013","unstructured":"Won, E. T. & Borski, R. J. Endocrine regulation of compensatory growth in fish. Front. Endocrinol. 4, 74 (2013).","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"72622_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2009-0010","volume":"30","author":"C Ohlsson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ohlsson, C. et al. The role of liver-derived insulin-like growth factor-I. Endocr. Rev. 30, 494\u2013535 (2009).","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"issue":"6","key":"72622_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V1261297","volume":"12","author":"V Roelfsema","year":"2001","unstructured":"Roelfsema, V. & Clark, R. G. The growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor axis: its manipulation for the benefit of growth disorders in renal failure. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 12(6), 1297\u20131306 (2001).","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"72622_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2543","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.234","volume":"25","author":"S Yakar","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yakar, S., Courtland, H.-W. & Clemmons, D. IGF-1 and bone: new discoveries from mouse models. J. Bone Miner. Res. 25, 2543\u20132552 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"72622_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm3041561","volume":"3","author":"M Lewitt","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lewitt, M., Dent, M. & Hall, K. The insulin-like growth factor system in obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. J. Clin. Med. 3, 1561\u20131574 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"72622_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0800412","volume":"21","author":"S Nam","year":"1997","unstructured":"Nam, S. et al. Effect of obesity on total and free insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, and their relationship to IGF-binding protein (BP)-1, IGFBP-2, IGFBP-3, insulin, and growth hormone. Int. J. Obes. 21, 355\u2013359 (1997).","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes."},{"key":"72622_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35553","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.50.35553","volume":"274","author":"PA Ram","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ram, P. A. & Waxman, D. J. SOCS\/CIS protein inhibition of growth hormone-stimulated STAT5 signaling by multiple mechanisms. J. Biol. Chem. 274, 35553\u201335561 (1999).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"72622_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.2337\/db06-1068","volume":"56","author":"SG Ronn","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ronn, S. G., Billestrup, N. & Mandrup-Poulsen, T. Diabetes and suppressors of cytokine signaling proteins. Diabetes 56, 541\u2013548 (2007).","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"72622_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-018-0812-z","volume":"20","author":"MG Saklayen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Saklayen, M. G. The global epidemic of the metabolic syndrome. Curr. Hypertens. Rep. 20, 12 (2018).","journal-title":"Curr. Hypertens. Rep."},{"key":"72622_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.16.1.318","volume":"16","author":"P Garcia-Villalba","year":"1996","unstructured":"Garcia-Villalba, P., Jimenez-Lara, A. M. & Aranda, A. Vitamin D interferes with transactivation of the growth hormone gene by thyroid hormone and retinoic acid. Mol. Cell. Biol. 16, 318\u2013327 (1996).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"72622_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-1918","volume":"93","author":"M Giordano","year":"2008","unstructured":"Giordano, M. et al. A functional common polymorphism in the vitamin d-responsive element of the GH1 promoter contributes to isolated growth hormone deficiency. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 93, 1005\u20131012 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"72622_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34879","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M204819200","volume":"277","author":"O Morales","year":"2002","unstructured":"Morales, O., Faulds, M. H., Lindgren, U. J. & Haldos\u00e9n, L.-A. 1\u03b1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibits GH-induced expression of SOCS-3 and CIS and prolongs growth hormone signaling via the janus kinase (JAK2)\/signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT5) system in osteoblast-like cells. J. Biol. Chem. 277, 34879\u201334884 (2002).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"72622_CR51","first-page":"2975","volume":"238","author":"DM Parichy","year":"2009","unstructured":"Parichy, D. M., Elizondo, M. R., Mills, M. G., Gordon, T. N. & Engeszer, R. E. Normal table of post-embryonic zebrafish development: staging by externally visible anatomy of the living fish. Dev. Dyn. Off. Publ. Am. Assoc. Anat. 238, 2975\u20133015 (2009).","journal-title":"Dev. Dyn. Off. Publ. Am. Assoc. Anat."},{"issue":"1","key":"72622_CR52","first-page":"1","volume":"3","author":"B Mehrad","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mehrad, B. Assessment of the effects of dietary vitamin E on growth performance and reproduction of zebrafish, Danio rerio (Pisces, Cyprinidae). J. Oceanogr. Mar. Sci. 3(1), 1\u20137 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Oceanogr. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"72622_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.D073536","volume":"58","author":"D Wan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wan, D. et al. A new sensitive LC\/MS\/MS analysis of vitamin D metabolites using a click derivatization reagent, 2-nitrosopyridine. J. Lipid Res. 58, 798\u2013808 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"72622_CR54","first-page":"785","volume":"48","author":"JM Wilson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wilson, J. M., Bunte, R. M. & Carty, A. J. Evaluation of rapid cooling and tricaine methanesulfonate (MS222) as methods of euthanasia in zebrafish (Danio rerio). J. Am. Assoc. Lab. Anim. Sci. JAALAS 48, 785\u2013789 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Am. Assoc. Lab. Anim. Sci. JAALAS"},{"key":"72622_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-411619-1.00006-9","volume":"537","author":"SD Parlee","year":"2014","unstructured":"Parlee, S. D., Lentz, S. I., Mori, H. & MacDougald, O. A. Quantifying size and number of adipocytes in adipose tissue. Methods Enzymol. 537, 93\u2013122 (2014).","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol."},{"key":"72622_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","volume":"25","author":"KJ Livak","year":"2001","unstructured":"Livak, K. J. & Schmittgen, T. D. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2\u2212\u0394\u0394CT method. Methods 25, 402\u2013408 (2001).","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"72622_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfw229","volume":"155","author":"ATD Watson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Watson, A. T. D. et al. From the cover: embryonic exposure to tcdd impacts osteogenesis of the axial skeleton in Japanese medaka, Oryzias latipes. Toxicol. Sci. 155, 485\u2013496 (2017).","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-020-72622-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-020-72622-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-020-72622-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,6]],"date-time":"2022-12-06T14:52:02Z","timestamp":1670338322000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-020-72622-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,29]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["72622"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-72622-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 March 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 September 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 September 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"16032"}}