{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T13:01:33Z","timestamp":1791810093614,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,25]],"date-time":"2020-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600992000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,25]],"date-time":"2020-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600992000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81600875"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81600875"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010822","name":"Chengdu Science and Technology Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2015-HM01-00088-SF"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015-HM01-00088-SF"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010822","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"Chinese Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16K11826"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16K11826"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Recent studies revealed culturable periodontal keystone pathogens are associated with preterm low birth weight (PLBW). However, the oral microbiome is also comprised of hundreds of \u2018culture-difficult\u2019 or \u2018not-yet-culturable\u2019 bacterial species. To explore the potential role of unculturable and culturable periodontitis-related bacteria in preterm low birth weight (PLBW) delivery, we recruited 90 pregnant women in this prospective study. Periodontal parameters, including pocket probing depth, bleeding on probing, and clinical attachment level were recorded during the second trimester and following interviews on oral hygiene and lifestyle habits. Saliva and serum samples were also collected. After delivery, birth results were recorded. Real-time PCR analyses were performed to quantify the levels of periodontitis-related unculturable bacteria (<jats:italic>Eubacterium saphenum<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Fretibacterium<\/jats:italic> sp. human oral taxon(HOT) 360, <jats:italic>TM7<\/jats:italic> sp. HOT 356, and <jats:italic>Rothia dentocariosa), and cultivable bacteria (Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Treponema denticola<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Fusobacterium nucleatum<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Prevotella intermedia)<\/jats:italic> in saliva samples. In addition, ELISA analyses were used to determine the IgG titres against periodontal pathogens in serum samples. Subjects were categorized into a Healthy group (H, n\u2009=\u200920) and periodontitis\/gingivitis group (PG, n\u2009=\u200970) according to their periodontal status. The brushing duration was significantly lower in the PG group compared to the H group. Twenty-two of 90 subjects delivered PLBW infants. There was no significant difference in periodontal parameters and serum IgG levels for periodontal pathogens between PLBW and healthy delivery (HD) groups. However, ordinal logistic regression analysis revealed that a higher abundance of <jats:italic>Treponema denticola, Prevotella intermedia, Fretibacterium<\/jats:italic> sp. HOT360 and lower levels of <jats:italic>Rothia dentocariosa<\/jats:italic> were significantly associated with the presence of periodontal disease during pregnancy. Moreover, the amount of <jats:italic>Eubacterium saphenum<\/jats:italic> in saliva and serum IgG against <jats:italic>Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans<\/jats:italic> were negatively correlated with PLBW. Taken together, unculturable periodontitis-associated bacteria may play an important role both in the presence of periodontal inflammation during pregnancy and subsequent PLBW.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-72807-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,25]],"date-time":"2020-09-25T10:02:43Z","timestamp":1601028163000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Unculturable and culturable periodontal-related bacteria are associated with periodontal inflammation during pregnancy and with preterm low birth weight delivery"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Changchang","family":"Ye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongyi","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thatawee","family":"Khemwong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yvonne","family":"Kapila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryutaro","family":"Kuraji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yafei","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"72807_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.2147\/CCIDE.S31005","volume":"5","author":"T Do","year":"2013","unstructured":"Do, T., Devine, D. & Marsh, P. D. Oral biofilms: Molecular analysis, challenges, and future prospects in dental diagnostics. Clin. Cosmet. Investig. Dent. 5, 11\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/CCIDE.S31005 (2013).","journal-title":"Clin. Cosmet. Investig. Dent."},{"issue":"Suppl 11S","key":"72807_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2089","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2005.76.11-S.2089","volume":"76","author":"JD Beck","year":"2005","unstructured":"Beck, J. D. & Offenbacher, S. Systemic effects of periodontitis: Epidemiology of periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease. J. Periodontol. 76(Suppl 11S), 2089\u20132100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1902\/jop.2005.76.11-S.2089 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"72807_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2075","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2005.76.11-S.2075","volume":"76","author":"RJ Genco","year":"2005","unstructured":"Genco, R. J., Grossi, S. G., Ho, A., Nishimura, F. & Murayama, Y. A proposed model linking inflammation to obesity, diabetes, and periodontal infections. J. Periodontol. 76, 2075\u20132084. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1902\/jop.2005.76.11-S.2075 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"72807_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1902\/annals.1998.3.1.233","volume":"3","author":"S Offenbacher","year":"1998","unstructured":"Offenbacher, S. et al. Potential pathogenic mechanisms of periodontitis associated pregnancy complications. Ann. Periodontol. 3, 233\u2013250. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1902\/annals.1998.3.1.233 (1998).","journal-title":"Ann. Periodontol."},{"key":"72807_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051x.1998.tb02419.x","volume":"25","author":"SS Socransky","year":"1998","unstructured":"Socransky, S. S., Haffajee, A. D., Cugini, M. A., Smith, C. & Kent, R. L. Jr. Microbial complexes in subgingival plaque. J. Clin. Periodontol. 25, 134\u2013144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-051x.1998.tb02419.x (1998).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"72807_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2041-1014.2012.00663.x","volume":"27","author":"G Hajishengallis","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hajishengallis, G. & Lamont, R. J. Beyond the red complex and into more complexity: The polymicrobial synergy and dysbiosis (PSD) model of periodontal disease etiology. Mol. Oral. Microbiol. 27, 409\u2013419. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.2041-1014.2012.00663.x (2012).","journal-title":"Mol. Oral. Microbiol."},{"key":"72807_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2014.11.004","volume":"21","author":"RJ Lamont","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lamont, R. J. & Hajishengallis, G. Polymicrobial synergy and dysbiosis in inflammatory disease. Trends Mol. Med. 21, 172\u2013183. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molmed.2014.11.004 (2015).","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med."},{"key":"72807_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2015.00069","volume":"5","author":"A Salminen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Salminen, A. et al. Quantitative PCR analysis of salivary pathogen burden in periodontitis. Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol. 5, 69. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2015.00069 (2015).","journal-title":"Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol."},{"issue":"42","key":"72807_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2006.00174.x","volume":"2000","author":"BJ Paster","year":"2006","unstructured":"Paster, B. J., Olsen, I., Aas, J. A. & Dewhirst, F. E. The breadth of bacterial diversity in the human periodontal pocket and other oral sites. Periodontology 2000(42), 80\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2006.00174.x (2006).","journal-title":"Periodontology"},{"key":"72807_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.2001.tb01271.x","volume":"45","author":"MA Salam","year":"2001","unstructured":"Salam, M. A., Sato, M. & Hoshino, E. Intraperitoneal immune cell responses to Eubacterium saphenum in mice. Microbiol. Immunol. 45, 29\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1348-0421.2001.tb01271.x (2001).","journal-title":"Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"72807_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e37919","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0037919","volume":"7","author":"B Liu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Liu, B. et al. Deep sequencing of the oral microbiome reveals signatures of periodontal disease. PLoS ONE 7, e37919. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0037919 (2012).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"72807_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6480","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01827-14","volume":"80","author":"V Soro","year":"2014","unstructured":"Soro, V. et al. Axenic culture of a candidate division TM7 bacterium from the human oral cavity and biofilm interactions with other oral bacteria. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 80, 6480\u20136489. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AEM.01827-14 (2014).","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"72807_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0218266","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0218266","volume":"14","author":"T Khemwong","year":"2019","unstructured":"Khemwong, T. et al. Fretibacterium sp. human oral taxon 360 is a novel biomarker for periodontitis screening in the Japanese population. PLoS ONE 14, e0218266. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0218266 (2019).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"72807_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-051x.2003.00055.x","volume":"30","author":"P Mascarenhas","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mascarenhas, P., Gapski, R., Al-Shammari, K. & Wang, H. L. Influence of sex hormones on the periodontium. J. Clin. Periodontol. 30, 671\u2013681. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1034\/j.1600-051x.2003.00055.x (2003).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"72807_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1981.52.10.599","volume":"52","author":"J Jensen","year":"1981","unstructured":"Jensen, J., Liljemark, W. & Bloomquist, C. The effect of female sex hormones on subgingival plaque. J. Periodontol. 52, 599\u2013602. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1902\/jop.1981.52.10.599 (1981).","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"72807_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2012.03.010","volume":"129","author":"LK Ursell","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ursell, L. K. et al. The interpersonal and intrapersonal diversity of human-associated microbiota in key body sites. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 129, 1204\u20131208. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaci.2012.03.010 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"72807_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623427","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/623427","volume":"2015","author":"M Wu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wu, M., Chen, S. W. & Jiang, S. Y. Relationship between gingival inflammation and pregnancy. Mediators Inflamm. 2015, 623427. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2015\/623427 (2015).","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm."},{"key":"72807_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2009.01514.x","volume":"37","author":"A Carrillo-de-Albornoz","year":"2010","unstructured":"Carrillo-de-Albornoz, A., Figuero, E., Herrera, D. & Bascones-Martinez, A. Gingival changes during pregnancy: II. Influence of hormonal variations on the subgingival biofilm. J. Clin. Periodontol. 37, 230\u2013240. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2009.01514.x (2010).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"72807_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2009.080012","volume":"80","author":"LM Adriaens","year":"2009","unstructured":"Adriaens, L. M., Alessandri, R., Sporri, S., Lang, N. P. & Persson, G. R. Does pregnancy have an impact on the subgingival microbiota?. J. Periodontol. 80, 72\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1902\/jop.2009.080012 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"72807_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-302X.2007.00391.x","volume":"23","author":"M Yokoyama","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yokoyama, M. et al. Relationship between Campylobacter rectus and periodontal status during pregnancy. Oral Microbiol. Immunol. 23, 55\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1399-302X.2007.00391.x (2008).","journal-title":"Oral Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"72807_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2360","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.02360","volume":"9","author":"P Balan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Balan, P. et al. Keystone species in pregnancy gingivitis: A snapshot of oral microbiome during pregnancy and postpartum period. Front. Microbiol. 9, 2360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2018.02360 (2018).","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"72807_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2012.174","volume":"7","author":"L Abusleme","year":"2013","unstructured":"Abusleme, L. et al. The subgingival microbiome in health and periodontitis and its relationship with community biomass and inflammation. ISME J. 7, 1016\u20131025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ismej.2012.174 (2013).","journal-title":"ISME J."},{"key":"72807_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.2012.01516.x","volume":"48","author":"M You","year":"2013","unstructured":"You, M., Mo, S., Watt, R. M. & Leung, W. K. Prevalence and diversity of Synergistetes taxa in periodontal health and disease. J. Periodontal Res. 48, 159\u2013168. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0765.2012.01516.x (2013).","journal-title":"J. Periodontal Res."},{"key":"72807_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034514542468","volume":"93","author":"PJ Perez-Chaparro","year":"2014","unstructured":"Perez-Chaparro, P. J. et al. Newly identified pathogens associated with periodontitis: A systematic review. J. Dent. Res. 93, 846\u2013858. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0022034514542468 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"72807_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034516634619","volume":"95","author":"RR Oliveira","year":"2016","unstructured":"Oliveira, R. R. et al. Levels of candidate periodontal pathogens in subgingival biofilm. J. Dent. Res. 95, 711\u2013718. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0022034516634619 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"72807_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5721","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.11.5721-5732.2005","volume":"43","author":"JA Aas","year":"2005","unstructured":"Aas, J. A., Paster, B. J., Stokes, L. N., Olsen, I. & Dewhirst, F. E. Defining the normal bacterial flora of the oral cavity. J. Clin. Microbiol. 43, 5721\u20135732. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JCM.43.11.5721-5732.2005 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"72807_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3665","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00317-06","volume":"44","author":"PS Kumar","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kumar, P. S. et al. Changes in periodontal health status are associated with bacterial community shifts as assessed by quantitative 16S cloning and sequencing. J. Clin. Microbiol. 44, 3665\u20133673. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JCM.00317-06 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"72807_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.2011.01815.x","volume":"17","author":"M Bizhang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bizhang, M. et al. Detection of nine microorganisms from the initial carious root lesions using a TaqMan-based real-time PCR. Oral Dis. 17, 642\u2013652. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1601-0825.2011.01815.x (2011).","journal-title":"Oral Dis."},{"key":"72807_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3023","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.7.3023-3029.2004","volume":"42","author":"MA Munson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Munson, M. A., Banerjee, A., Watson, T. F. & Wade, W. G. Molecular analysis of the microflora associated with dental caries. J. Clin. Microbiol. 42, 3023\u20133029. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JCM.42.7.3023-3029.2004 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"72807_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17121978","author":"S Jiang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jiang, S., Gao, X., Jin, L. & Lo, E. C. Salivary microbiome diversity in caries-free and caries-affected children. Int. J. Mol. Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms17121978 (2016).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"72807_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-43-2-302","volume":"43","author":"H Uematsu","year":"1993","unstructured":"Uematsu, H., Nakazawa, F., Ikeda, T. & Hoshino, E. Eubacterium saphenum sp. nov., isolated from human periodontal pockets [corrected]. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 43, 302\u2013304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/00207713-43-2-302 (1993).","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol."},{"key":"72807_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2009.080464","volume":"80","author":"JL Ebersole","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ebersole, J. L. et al. Systemic immune responses in pregnancy and periodontitis: Relationship to pregnancy outcomes in the obstetrics and periodontal therapy (OPT) study. J. Periodontol. 80, 953\u2013960. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1902\/jop.2009.080464 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"72807_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1902\/annals.2001.6.1.175","volume":"6","author":"PN Madianos","year":"2001","unstructured":"Madianos, P. N. et al. Maternal periodontitis and prematurity. Part II: Maternal infection and fetal exposure. Ann. Periodontol. 6, 175\u2013182. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1902\/annals.2001.6.1.175 (2001).","journal-title":"Ann. Periodontol."},{"key":"72807_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.41.4.1149","volume":"41","author":"F Faul","year":"2009","unstructured":"Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A. & Lang, A. G. Statistical power analyses using G*Power 31: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behav. Res. Methods 41, 1149\u20131160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/BRM.41.4.1149 (2009).","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Methods"},{"key":"72807_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2016.1186636","volume":"30","author":"Y Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen, Y., Wu, L., Zou, L., Li, G. & Zhang, W. Update on the birth weight standard and its diagnostic value in small for gestational age (SGA) infants in China. J. Matern. Fetal Neonatal Med. 30, 801\u2013807. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14767058.2016.1186636 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Matern. Fetal Neonatal Med."},{"key":"72807_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1177\/002203450208100113","volume":"81","author":"NJ Lopez","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lopez, N. J., Smith, P. C. & Gutierrez, J. Higher risk of preterm birth and low birth weight in women with periodontal disease. J. Dent. Res. 81, 58\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/002203450208100113 (2002).","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"72807_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4755-9-3","volume":"9","author":"M Vogt","year":"2012","unstructured":"Vogt, M., Sallum, A. W., Cecatti, J. G. & Morais, S. S. Factors associated with the prevalence of periodontal disease in low-risk pregnant women. Reprod. Health 9, 3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1742-4755-9-3 (2012).","journal-title":"Reprod. Health"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"72807_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S173","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.17-0721","volume":"89","author":"PN Papapanou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Papapanou, P. N. et al. Periodontitis: Consensus report of workgroup 2 of the 2017 world workshop on the classification of periodontal and peri-implant diseases and conditions. J. Periodontol. 89(Suppl 1), S173\u2013S182. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/JPER.17-0721 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"72807_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1007\/s12275-012-2030-8","volume":"50","author":"G Amodini Rajakaruna","year":"2012","unstructured":"Amodini Rajakaruna, G. et al. Possible translocation of periodontal pathogens into the lymph nodes draining the oral cavity. J. Microbiol. 50, 827\u2013836. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12275-012-2030-8 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Microbiol."},{"key":"72807_CR40","first-page":"62","volume":"07","author":"T Khemwong","year":"2018","unstructured":"Khemwong, T. et al. Eubacterium saphenum as a novel bacterial biomarker for periodontitis screening. J. Stomatol. Soc. Jpn. 07, 62\u201367 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Stomatol. Soc. Jpn."},{"key":"72807_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-020-03287-4","author":"C Ye","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ye, C. et al. The periodontopathic bacteria in placenta, saliva and subgingival plaque of threatened preterm labor and preterm low birth weight cases: A longitudinal study in Japanese pregnant women. Clin. Oral Investig. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00784-020-03287-4 (2020).","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Investig."},{"key":"72807_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1177\/08959374880020022301","volume":"2","author":"I Ishikawa","year":"1988","unstructured":"Ishikawa, I., Watanabe, H., Horibe, M. & Izumi, Y. Diversity of IgG antibody responses in the patients with various types of periodontitis. Adv. Dent. Res. 2, 334\u2013338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/08959374880020022301 (1988).","journal-title":"Adv. Dent. Res."},{"key":"72807_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-051x.2000.027008597.x","volume":"27","author":"K Yano-Higuchi","year":"2000","unstructured":"Yano-Higuchi, K., Takamatsu, N., He, T., Umeda, M. & Ishikawa, I. Prevalence of Bacteroides forsythus, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in subgingival microflora of Japanese patients with adult and rapidly progressive periodontitis. J. Clin. Periodontol. 27, 597\u2013602 (2000).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"72807_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0722.2007.00493.x","volume":"115","author":"Y Takeuchi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Takeuchi, Y., Guggenheim, B., Filieri, A. & Baehni, P. Effect of chlorhexidine\/thymol and fluoride varnishes on dental biofilm formation in vitro. Eur. J. Oral Sci. 115, 468\u2013472. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0722.2007.00493.x (2007).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Oral Sci."},{"key":"72807_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-302X.1996.tb00359.x","volume":"11","author":"T Koseki","year":"1996","unstructured":"Koseki, T., Benno, Y., Zhang-Koseki, Y. J., Umeda, M. & Ishikawa, I. Detection frequencies and the colony-forming unit recovery of oral treponemes by different cultivation methods. Oral Microbiol. Immunol. 11, 203\u2013208 (1996).","journal-title":"Oral Microbiol. Immunol."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-020-72807-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-020-72807-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-020-72807-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,6]],"date-time":"2022-12-06T19:44:40Z","timestamp":1670355880000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-020-72807-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,25]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["72807"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-72807-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 May 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 August 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 September 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"15807"}}