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Emerging evidence supports a protective role for this activity in acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Herein, we examined this activity in <jats:italic>RARE-LacZ<\/jats:italic> transgenic mice and by RARE-Luciferase reporter assays in CD cells, and investigated how this activity responds to neurotransmitters and mediators of kidney injury. In <jats:italic>RARE-LacZ<\/jats:italic> mice, Adriamycin-induced heavy albuminuria was associated with reduced RA\/RAR activity in CD cells. In cultured CD cells, RA\/RAR activity was repressed by acetylcholine, albumin, aldosterone, angiotensin II, high glucose, cisplatin and lipopolysaccharide, but was induced by aristolochic acid I, calcitonin gene-related peptide, endothelin-1, gentamicin, norepinephrine and vasopressin. Compared with age-matched normal human CD cells, CD-derived renal cystic epithelial cells from patients with autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) had significantly lower RA\/RAR activity. Synthetic RAR agonist RA-568 was more potent than RA in rescuing RA\/RAR activity repressed by albumin, high glucose, angiotensin II, aldosterone, cisplatin and lipopolysaccharide. Hence, RA\/RAR \u00a0in CD cells is a convergence point of regulation by neurotransmitters and mediators of kidney injury, and may be a novel therapeutic target.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-73099-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,7]],"date-time":"2020-10-07T10:02:46Z","timestamp":1602064966000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Collecting duct cells show differential retinoic acid responses to acute versus chronic kidney injury stimuli"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Alexandros","family":"Papadimitriou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Romagnani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Lucia","family":"Angelotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mazhar","family":"Noor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Corcoran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katie","family":"Raby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia D.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald","family":"Fraser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Remi","family":"Piedagnel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce M.","family":"Hendry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qihe","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"73099_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.15806\/j.issn.2311-8571.2015.0019","volume":"1","author":"V Bunel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bunel, V., Qu, F., Duez, P. & Xu, Q. 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