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We investigated the aqueous cytokine level changes and the effects of intraocular methotrexate (MTX) in patients with PVRL. In this retrospective consecutive case-series study, we reviewed the records of 14 consecutive patients with PVRL treated between 2018 and 2020. The concentrations of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17, interferon (IFN)-\u03b3, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-\u03b1 were determined at baseline and several time points after intravitreal MTX injections during follow-up. Markedly elevated IL-10 levels and a higher IL-10\/IL-6 ratio were found in patients with PVRL. The aqueous levels of IL-10, IL-12, and TNF-\u03b1, and the IL-10\/IL-6 ratio significantly decreased at 1\u00a0month after intravitreal MTX therapy onset compared with the baseline values (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001, 0.002, 0.001, and 0.001, respectively). The mean duration to normalized IL-10 levels was 1.17\u2009\u00b1\u20090.4\u00a0months. Where serially recorded IL-10 levels were available, regular intravitreal MTX treatment was associated with rapid reduction in IL-10 levels, while elevated IL-10 level was associated with disease recurrence. Elevated IL-10 levels and high IL-10\/IL-6 ratio may aid in the diagnosis of PVRL. Aqueous IL-10 level monitoring can help assess the therapeutic response and indicate disease recurrence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-73111-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,2]],"date-time":"2020-10-02T10:04:52Z","timestamp":1601633092000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Serial changes in the aqueous IL-10 level after intravitreal methotrexate injection as an indicator of primary vitreoretinal lymphoma recurrence"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Young Gun","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Woo-Kyung","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rae-Young","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirinae","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young-Hoon","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"73111_CR1","first-page":"228","volume":"14","author":"S Nasir","year":"2000","unstructured":"Nasir, S. & DeAngelis, L. 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