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So far, only a small amount of <jats:italic>NONO-TFE3<\/jats:italic> RCC have been reported owing to lack of effective diagnosis methods. Utilizing the novel dual-fusion fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) probe reported here, 5 cases of <jats:italic>NONO-TFE3<\/jats:italic> RCC were identified and were ultimately confirmed by RT-PCR. Histopathology, all 5 cases were consisted by sheets of epithelial cells and papillary architecture. The cytoplasm was abundantly clear, and nucleoli was not prominent. Besides, the nuclear palisading, subnuclear vacuoles and psammoma bodies were identified. The most distinctive features were strong positive TFE3 staining but equivocal split signals of the <jats:italic>TFE3<\/jats:italic> probe, which might lead to the misdiagnosis of Xp11.2 translocation RCC. The median age and median tumor size of the five patients were 41.2\u00a0years and 3.6\u00a0cm, respectively. A median following follow-up of 27\u00a0months showed moderate disease progression and prognosis in <jats:italic>NONO-TFE3<\/jats:italic> RCC patients. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates the effectiveness and reliability of the <jats:italic>NONO-TFE3<\/jats:italic> dual-fusion FISH probe for diagnosing <jats:italic>NONO-TFE3<\/jats:italic> RCC. Suspected cases of Xp11.2 translocation RCC showing biphasic pattern, strong positive TFE3 staining, and equivocal split signals in the TFE3 FISH assay indicated a possibility of <jats:italic>NONO-TFE3<\/jats:italic> RCC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-73309-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T10:05:01Z","timestamp":1601546701000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The suitability of NONO-TFE3 dual-fusion FISH assay as a diagnostic tool for NONO-TFE3 renal cell carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Ning","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiancheng","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenyuan","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaohong","family":"Pu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shaoyu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linfeng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaozhi","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaogong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gutian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongqian","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weidong","family":"Gan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dongmei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"73309_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2016.02.029","volume":"70","author":"H Moch","year":"2016","unstructured":"Moch, H., Cubilla, A. 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