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Here we investigate inflammation and the protease profile in nasal tissues and plasma from control non-CRS patients and CRS patients. Gene expression for several cytokines, proteases, and antiproteases was quantified in nasal tissue from non-CRS and CRS subjects with nasal polyps. Elevated expression of S100A9, IL1A, MMP3, MMP7, MMP11, MMP25, MMP28, and CTSK was observed in tissue from CRS subjects with nasal polyps compared to control tissue. Tissue protein analysis confirmed elevated levels of these targets compared to controls, and increased MMP3 and MMP7 observed in CRS subjects with nasal polyps compared to CRS subjects without polyps. Plasma concentrations of MMP3 and MMP7 were elevated in the CRS groups compared to controls. The nasal cell line, CCL-30, was exposed to S100A9 protein, resulting in increased MMP3, MMP7, and CTSK gene expression and elevated proliferation. Silencing MMP3 significantly reduced S100A9-mediated cell proliferation. Therefore, the elevated expression of S100A9 and MMPs are observed in CRS nasal tissue and S100A9 stimulated MMP3 responses to contribute to elevated nasal cell proliferation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-73480-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T10:05:01Z","timestamp":1601546701000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Elevated S100A9 expression in chronic rhinosinusitis coincides with elevated MMP production and proliferation in vitro"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Marina","family":"Boruk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Railwah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alnardo","family":"Lora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sridesh","family":"Nath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Derek","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lillian","family":"Chow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Panid","family":"Borhanjoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdoulaye J.","family":"Dabo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sadakat","family":"Chowdhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"Kaiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert F.","family":"Foronjy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Rosenfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Geraghty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"73480_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3205\/cto000126","author":"A Beule","year":"2015","unstructured":"Beule, A. 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