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Here we studied (1) how children acquired conditioned fear from observing their parent, or a stranger, being exposed to a fear conditioning paradigm, and (2) the subsequent fear extinction process in these children. Eighty-three child-parent dyads were recruited. The parent was filmed while undergoing a conditioning procedure where one cue was paired with a shock (CS\u2009+\u2009Parent) and one was not (CS\u2009\u2212). Children (8 to 12\u00a0years old) watched this video and a video of an adult stranger who underwent conditioning with a different cue reinforced (CS\u2009+\u2009Stranger). Children were then exposed to all cues (no shocks were delivered) while skin conductance responses (SCR) were recorded. Children exhibited higher SCR to the CS\u2009+\u2009Parent and CS\u2009+\u2009Stranger relative to the CS\u2009\u2212. Physiological synchronization between the child\u2019s SCR during observational learning and the parent\u2019s SCR during the actual process of fear conditioning predicted higher SCR for the child to the CS\u2009+\u2009Parent. Our data suggest that children acquire fear vicariously and this can be measured physiologically. 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