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In the cross-sectional assessments, 81 patients with drug-na\u00efve Graves\u2019 disease and 235 with euthyroidism were enrolled. ABI and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) levels were assessed. In the prospective follow-up, 32 patients with Graves\u2019 disease were assessed again after antithyroid drugs for at least 4\u00a0weeks, and 32 age- and sex-matched controls with euthyroidism were also followed up. Patients with Graves\u2019 disease had a higher VCAM-1 level (1309\u2009\u00b1\u2009292 vs. 1009\u2009\u00b1\u2009168\u00a0ng\/mL, P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and a lower ABI (0.98\u2009\u00b1\u20090.11 vs. 1.06\u2009\u00b1\u20090.10, P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) than those with euthyroidism. ABI was significantly lower in patients with hyperthyroidism and a high VCAM-1 level than in those with euthyroidism and a low VCAM-1 level (regression coefficient: \u2212\u20090.050, 95% confidence interval [CI] between \u2212\u20090.080 and \u2212\u20090.019; P\u2009=\u20090.001). After treatment with antithyroid drugs, the change in free thyroxine (T4) level was inversely associated with the percentage change in ABI (regression coefficient: \u2212\u20090.003, 95% CI between \u2212\u20090.005 and \u2212\u20090.001, P\u2009=\u20090.001). A synergistic effect of VCAM-1 and free T4 on ABI reduction was observed. After a longitudinal follow-up, an increase in ABI was significantly correlated with a decrease in the free T4 level.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-74267-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,13]],"date-time":"2020-10-13T10:05:00Z","timestamp":1602583500000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Hyperthyroidism and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 are associated with a low ankle-brachial index"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Yu-Hsuan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I-Te","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"74267_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-2409","volume":"99","author":"A Garmendia Madariaga","year":"2014","unstructured":"Garmendia Madariaga, A., Santos Palacios, S., Guillen-Grima, F. & Galofre, J. 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