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We aimed to identify molecular, histopathological, and behavioral changes in rats 2\u00a0weeks after explosive-driven double-blast exposure. Rats received two 30-psi (~\u2009207-kPa) blasts 24\u00a0h apart or were handled identically without blast. All rats were behaviorally assessed over 2\u00a0weeks. At Day 15, rats were euthanized, and brains removed. Brains were dissected into frontal cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum, and brainstem. Western blotting was performed to measure levels of total-Tau, phosphorylated-Tau (pTau), amyloid precursor protein (APP), GFAP, Iba1, \u03b1II-spectrin, and spectrin breakdown products (SBDP). Kinases and phosphatases, correlated with tau phosphorylation were also measured. Immunohistochemistry for pTau, APP, GFAP, and Iba1 was performed. pTau protein level was greater in the hippocampus, cerebellum, and brainstem and APP protein level was greater in cerebellum of blast vs control rats (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). GFAP, Iba1, \u03b1II-spectrin, and SBDP remained unchanged. No immunohistochemical or neurobehavioral changes were observed. The dissociation between increased pTau and APP in different regions in the absence of neurobehavioral changes 2\u00a0weeks after double blast exposure is a relevant finding, consistent with human data showing that battlefield blasts might be associated with molecular changes before signs of neurological and psychiatric disorders manifest.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-74296-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,15]],"date-time":"2020-10-15T10:04:27Z","timestamp":1602756267000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Explosive-driven double-blast exposure: molecular, histopathological, and behavioral consequences"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Erin K.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Iacono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongna","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jamie B.","family":"Grimes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Parks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sorana","family":"Raiciulescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Leonessa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel P.","family":"Perl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"74296_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psc.2010.08.001","volume":"33","author":"G Elder","year":"2010","unstructured":"Elder, G., Mitsis, E., Ahlers, S. & Cristian, A. 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