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Three mouse syngeneic tumor cell lines, TRAMP-C2 (prostate cancer derived from C57BL\/6 mice), MBT-2 (bladder cancer derived from C3H mice) and Renca (kidney cancer derived from BALB\/c mice) were used in this study. The highest <jats:italic>coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR)<\/jats:italic> mRNA expression was observed in TRAMP-C2 cells, followed by Renca and then MBT-2 cells. Consistent with the CAR expressions, rAd-p53 at 160 multiplicity of infection\u00a0(MOI) significantly inhibited the cell proliferation of TRAMP-C2 and Renca cells, but not MBT-2 cells. In in vivo experiments, the combination of intratumoral injections of rAd-p53 (1\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup> plaque-forming units) every other day and intraperitoneal injections of anti-mouse PD-1 antibody (200\u00a0\u03bcg) twice a week suppressed tumor growth and prolonged survival compared to rAd-p53 or anti-PD-1 antibody monotherapy in both the TRAMP-C2 and Renca models. Our results encourage the clinical development of combination therapy comprised of in situ gene therapy with rAd-p53 and immunotherapy with an ICI anti-PD-1 antibody for urogenital cancers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-74660-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,15]],"date-time":"2020-10-15T10:04:27Z","timestamp":1602756267000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Combination of rAd-p53 in situ gene therapy and anti-PD-1 antibody immunotherapy induced anti-tumor activity in mouse syngeneic urogenital cancer models"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Naoto","family":"Kunimura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koichi","family":"Kitagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryota","family":"Sako","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keita","family":"Narikiyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shoko","family":"Tominaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diosdado S.","family":"Bautista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masato","family":"Fujisawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshiro","family":"Shirakawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"74660_CR1","unstructured":"Ferlay, J., Soerjomataram, I., Ervik, M. et al. 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Bautista serves as a Chief Scinetific Officer to Sibiono GeneTech Co. Ltd. Wei Xu serves as a Chief Executive Officer to Sibiono GeneTech Co. Ltd. The other authors declare that they have no potential conflict of interest relevant to this article.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"17464"}}