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The present study was designed to determine the effects of 2-month exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) on proteins in the left ventricles of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and to identify the molecular targets associated with the pathogenesis\/progression of CS-induced cardiac hypertrophy. SHR and Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) were exposed to CS at low (2 puffs\/min for 40\u00a0min) or high dose (2 puffs\/min for 120\u00a0min), 5\u00a0days a week for 2\u00a0months. Using the two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis combined with MALDI-TOF\/TOF tandem mass spectrometry, we compared differences in the expression levels of proteins in the whole left ventricles induced by long-term smoking. High-dose CS mainly caused cardiac hypertrophy in SHR, but not WKY, but no change in blood pressure. Proteomic analysis identified 30 protein spots with significant alterations, with 14 up-regulated and 16 down-regulated proteins in the left ventricles of CS-exposed SHR, compared with control SHR. Among these proteins, two members of the heat shock proteins (HSP70 and HSP20) showed significant up-regulation in the left ventricles of CS high-dose SHR, and the results were confirmed by western blot analysis. Our findings suggested that HSPs play an important role in regulation of CS-induced cardiac hypertrophy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-75429-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,2]],"date-time":"2020-11-02T11:24:59Z","timestamp":1604316299000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Proteomic identification of the proteins related to cigarette smoke-induced cardiac hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Yuki","family":"Kitamura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathan","family":"Mise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yurie","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuka","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomoki","family":"Ohashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saeko","family":"Tada-Oikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masaki","family":"Tokisu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cai","family":"Zong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shinji","family":"Oikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sahoko","family":"Ichihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"75429_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2224","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61766-8","volume":"380","author":"SS Lim","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lim, S. 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