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Here, we show that the pockets of the American Pocket Shark (<jats:italic>Mollisquama mississippiensis<\/jats:italic>) contain a brightly fluorescent stratified cubic epithelium enclosed in a pigmented sheath and in close contact with the basal cartilage of the pectoral fins; cells of this epithelium display a centripetal gradient in size and a centrifuge gradient in fluorescence. These results strongly support the idea that pocket shark\u2019s pockets are exocrine holocrine glands capable of discharging a bioluminescent fluid, potentially upon a given movement of the pectoral fin. Such capability has been reported in many other marine organisms and is typically used as a close-range defensive trick. In situ observations would be required to confirm this hypothesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-75656-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,30]],"date-time":"2020-10-30T11:03:14Z","timestamp":1604055794000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Histological evidence for secretory bioluminescence from pectoral pockets of\u00a0the American Pocket Shark (Mollisquama mississippiensis)"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6160-4866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julien M.","family":"Claes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9233-6470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00e9r\u00f4me","family":"Delroisse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6249-3838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark A.","family":"Grace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4650-6608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael H.","family":"Doosey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1320-4067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laurent","family":"Duchatelet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0918-3491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00e9r\u00f4me","family":"Mallefet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"75656_CR1","first-page":"1589","volume":"63","author":"VN Dolganov","year":"1984","unstructured":"Dolganov, V. 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