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During running, fatigue can be partially explained by repetitive low-intensity eccentric contractions-induced muscle damage (EIMD). Previous studies showed that a bout of downhill running (DR) attenuated subsequent EIMD. Thus, we tested if a 30-min DR bout would attenuate fatigue induced by subsequent 60-min level running (LR). Twenty-seven male college students were randomly allocated to an experimental (EXP) or a control (CON) group. All participants performed LR on a treadmill at 70% of the velocity (vVO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>peak) corresponding to peak oxygen uptake (VO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>peak). Only EXP performed a 30-min DR (\u2212\u200915%) on a treadmill at 70% vVO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>peak fourteen days before LR. Indirect EIMD markers and neuromuscular function were assessed before, immediately and 48\u00a0h after DR and LR. Knee extension isometric peak torque (IPT) decreased (\u2212\u200936.3\u2009\u00b1\u200926%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) immediately following DR with full recovery reached 48\u00a0h post-DR. Muscle soreness developed (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) immediately (37\u2009\u00b1\u200925\u00a0mm) and 48\u00a0h (45\u2009\u00b1\u200926\u00a0mm) post-DR. IPT and rate of torque development (RTD) at late phases (&gt;\u2009150\u00a0ms) from the onset of muscle contraction decreased significantly (\u2212\u200910.7\u2009\u00b1\u20096.1% and from \u2212\u200915.4 to \u2212\u200918.7%, respectively) immediately after LR for the CON group and remained below baseline values (\u2212\u20095.6\u2009\u00b1\u20098.5% and from \u2212\u200913.8 to \u2212\u200914.9%, respectively) 48\u00a0h post-LR. However, IPT and late RTD were not significantly affected by LR for the EXP group, showing a group x time interaction effect. We concluded that a single DR bout can be used to attenuate fatigue induced by a LR performed fourteen days after.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-76008-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,2]],"date-time":"2020-11-02T11:24:59Z","timestamp":1604316299000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A single bout of downhill running attenuates subsequent level running-induced fatigue"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Claudio","family":"de Oliveira Assump\u00e7\u00e3o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renan Vieira","family":"Barreto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leonardo Coelho Rabello","family":"de Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adalgiso Coscrato","family":"Cardozo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Imaculada","family":"de Lima Montebelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helen Reinhart Camargo","family":"Catarino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Camila Coelho","family":"Greco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benedito Sergio","family":"Denadai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"76008_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2007.139477","volume":"586","author":"RM Enoka","year":"2008","unstructured":"Enoka, R. 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