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This study aimed to evaluate the clonal relatedness in\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolated from oral cavity and their relationship with carriage of virulence genes, and antimicrobial resistance profiles. A total of 139 oral\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates were obtained from 2327 analysed oral samples of dental patients. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed. Isolates were characterized using protein A gene (\n                    <jats:italic>spa<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) typing,\n                    <jats:italic>spa<\/jats:italic>\n                    -CC clonal complexes, toxin genes and SCC\n                    <jats:italic>mec<\/jats:italic>\n                    typing for MRSA. High resistance rates for penicillin, tetracycline and gentamicin were detected, respectively 58.3%, 42.4%, and 35.2%. Twelve (8.6%)\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates were identified as MRSA. All of MRSA isolates were\n                    <jats:italic>mec<\/jats:italic>\n                    A-positive and\n                    <jats:italic>mec<\/jats:italic>\n                    C-negative. SCC\n                    <jats:italic>mec<\/jats:italic>\n                    IV was the most common type (66.7%), which was typical for community-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA). Overall, the enterotoxin gene cluster (\n                    <jats:italic>egc<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) was the most frequent detected virulence factor (44.9%), both in MSSA and MRSA isolates. Presence of genes encoding for the enterotoxins (\n                    <jats:italic>sea<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>seb<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>sec<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>seh<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>sek<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), exfoliative toxin A (\n                    <jats:italic>eta<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (\n                    <jats:italic>tst<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) was also observed. Strains carrying\n                    <jats:italic>lukS-<\/jats:italic>\n                    PV\n                    <jats:italic>\/lukF-<\/jats:italic>\n                    PV genes belonged to SCC\n                    <jats:italic>mec<\/jats:italic>\n                    V-\n                    <jats:italic>spa<\/jats:italic>\n                    type t437. The most prevalent\n                    <jats:italic>spa<\/jats:italic>\n                    types were t091, t015, t084, t002, t571, and t026 among all 57 identified.\n                    <jats:italic>Spa<\/jats:italic>\n                    types, including 3 new ones, grouped in 6 different\n                    <jats:italic>spa<\/jats:italic>\n                    -CC clonal complexes, with four major dominated; CC45, CC30, CC5, and CC15. This study demonstrated that both methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant major European clones of\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    could be isolated from the oral cavity of dental patients, with the emergence of PVL-positive CA-MRSA strains. The oral cavity should be considered as a possible source of toxigenic\n                    <jats:italic>egc-<\/jats:italic>\n                    positive\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains, in terms of potential risk of cross-infection and dissemination to other body sites.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-76009-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,3]],"date-time":"2020-11-03T06:02:41Z","timestamp":1604383361000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Presence of egc-positive major clones ST 45, 30 and 22 among methicillin-resistant and\u00a0methicillin-susceptible oral Staphylococcus aureus strains"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Ewa","family":"Kwapisz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Garbacz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maja","family":"Kosecka-Strojek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justyna","family":"Schubert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacek","family":"Bania","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacek","family":"Mi\u0119dzobrodzki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"76009_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1080\/23744235.2017.1392039","volume":"50","author":"H Asgeirsson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Asgeirsson, H., Thalme, A. & Weiland, O. 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