{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T19:06:48Z","timestamp":1789499208486,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,3]],"date-time":"2020-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604361600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,3]],"date-time":"2020-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604361600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["JP18K02480"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP18K02480"]}]},{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["JP19K21755"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP19K21755"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mother\u2013child interactions impact child social development and psychological health. This study focused on eye-gaze interactions, especially eye contact as synchronized gaze, which is an important non-verbal communication tool in human interactions. We performed brain-image analysis of mothers and children using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and quantitatively evaluated the quality of mother\u2013child interactions using the Interaction Rating Scale to investigate how it is related to the frequency of mother\u2013child eye contact. As a result, we found a positive correlation between the frequency of eye gaze and the right anterior insula (AI) or middle frontal gyrus in children and a positive correlation with the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and precuneus\/cuneus in mothers.\nEspecially, when eye contact was made, the association with the right AI in children and ACC in mothers was retained, suggesting the involvement of the salience network responsible for modulating internal and external cognition. In addition, the frequency of eye contact was positively associated with the quality of mother\u2013child interaction. These results suggest that the salience network is a major candidate for the neural basis involved in maintaining efficient eye contact and that it plays an important role in establishing positive mother\u2013child interactions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-76044-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,3]],"date-time":"2020-11-03T11:02:41Z","timestamp":1604401361000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Intrinsic brain activity associated with eye gaze during mother\u2013child interaction"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Ryo","family":"Kuboshita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi X.","family":"Fujisawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Makita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryoko","family":"Kasaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hidehiko","family":"Okazawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akemi","family":"Tomoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"76044_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/s0954579499001923","volume":"11","author":"LA Sroufe","year":"1999","unstructured":"Sroufe, L. A., Carlson, E. A., Levy, A. K. & Egeland, B. Implications of attachment theory for developmental psychopathology. Dev. Psychopathol. 11, 1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0954579499001923 (1999).","journal-title":"Dev. Psychopathol."},{"key":"76044_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1177\/1066480707301290","volume":"15","author":"LM Hooper","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hooper, L. M. The application of attachment theory and family systems theory to the phenomena of parentification. Fam. J. 15, 217\u2013223. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1066480707301290 (2007).","journal-title":"Fam. J."},{"key":"76044_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.20220","volume":"49","author":"R Feldman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Feldman, R. & Eidelman, A. I. Maternal postpartum behavior and the emergence of infant-mother and infant-father synchrony in preterm and full-term infants: the role of neonatal vagal tone. Dev. Psychobiol. 49, 290\u2013302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dev.20220 (2007).","journal-title":"Dev. Psychobiol."},{"key":"76044_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2008.04.005","volume":"12","author":"C Becchio","year":"2008","unstructured":"Becchio, C., Bertone, C. & Castiello, U. How the gaze of others influences object processing. Trends Cogn. Sci. 12, 254\u2013258. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tics.2008.04.005 (2008).","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"76044_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2015.03.006","volume":"3","author":"L Schilbach","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schilbach, L. Eye to eye, face to face and brain to brain: novel approaches to study the behavioral dynamics and neural mechanisms of social interactions. Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci. 3, 130\u2013135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cobeha.2015.03.006 (2015).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"76044_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20130302","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2013.0302","volume":"369","author":"SC Levinson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Levinson, S. C. & Holler, J. The origin of human multi-modal communication. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Biol. Sci. 369, 20130302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rstb.2013.0302 (2014).","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"76044_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9602","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.152159999","volume":"99","author":"T Farroni","year":"2002","unstructured":"Farroni, T., Csibra, G., Simion, F. & Johnson, M. H. Eye-contact detection in humans from birth. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A. 99, 9602\u20139605. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.152159999 (2002).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A."},{"key":"76044_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2008.11.009","volume":"13","author":"A Senju","year":"2009","unstructured":"Senju, A. & Johnson, M. H. The eye-contact effect: mechanisms and development. Trends Cogn. Sci. 13, 127\u2013134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tics.2008.11.009 (2009).","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"76044_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-005-2695-x","volume":"35","author":"S Maestro","year":"2005","unstructured":"Maestro, S. et al. How young children treat objects and people: an empirical study of the first year of life in autism. Child Psychiatry Hum. Dev. 35, 383\u2013396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10578-005-2695-x (2005).","journal-title":"Child Psychiatry Hum. Dev."},{"key":"76044_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nss053","volume":"8","author":"EA von dem Hagen","year":"2013","unstructured":"von dem Hagen, E. A., Stoyanova, R. S., Baron-Cohen, S. & Calder, A. J. Reduced functional connectivity within and between \u201csocial\u201d resting state networks in autism spectrum conditions. Soc. Cogn. Affect Neurosci. 8, 694\u2013701. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/scan\/nss053 (2013).","journal-title":"Soc. Cogn. Affect Neurosci."},{"key":"76044_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.3389\/fnint.2010.00127","volume":"4","author":"DN Saito","year":"2010","unstructured":"Saito, D. N. et al. \u201cStay tuned\u201d: inter-individual neural synchronization during mutual gaze and joint attention. Front Integr. Neurosci. 4, 127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnint.2010.00127 (2010).","journal-title":"Front Integr. Neurosci."},{"issue":"0284\u201318","key":"76044_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2019","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0284-18.2019","volume":"6","author":"T Koike","year":"2019","unstructured":"Koike, T., Sumiya, M., Nakagawa, E., Okazaki, S. & Sadato, N. What makes eye contact special? Neural substrates of on-line mutual eye-gaze: a hyperscanning fMRI study. eNeuro 6(0284\u201318), 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/ENEURO.0284-18.2019 (2019).","journal-title":"eNeuro"},{"key":"76044_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-015-9359-7","volume":"10","author":"S Zhang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang, S. et al. Characterizing and differentiating task-based and resting state fMRI signals via two-stage sparse representations. Brain Imaging Behav. 10, 21\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11682-015-9359-7 (2016).","journal-title":"Brain Imaging Behav."},{"key":"76044_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2011.08.003","volume":"15","author":"V Menon","year":"2011","unstructured":"Menon, V. Large-scale brain networks and psychopathology: a unifying triple network model. Trends Cogn. Sci. 15, 483\u2013506. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tics.2011.08.003 (2011).","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"76044_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17543","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-35209-6","volume":"8","author":"LD Nickerson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nickerson, L. D. Replication of resting state-task network correspondence and novel findings on brain network activation during task fMRI in the human connectome project study. Sci. Rep. 8, 17543. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-35209-6 (2018).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"76044_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22851","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1902932116","volume":"116","author":"BA Seitzman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Seitzman, B. A. et al. Trait-like variants in human functional brain networks. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A. 116, 22851\u201322861. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1902932116 (2019).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A."},{"key":"76044_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.05.067","volume":"53","author":"M Assaf","year":"2010","unstructured":"Assaf, M. et al. Abnormal functional connectivity of default mode sub-networks in autism spectrum disorder patients. NeuroImage 53, 247\u2013256. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.05.067 (2010).","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"76044_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2009.12.081","volume":"1321","author":"JJ Paakki","year":"2010","unstructured":"Paakki, J. J. et al. Alterations in regional homogeneity of resting-state brain activity in autism spectrum disorders. Brain Res. 1321, 169\u2013179. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainres.2009.12.081 (2010).","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"76044_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsr051","volume":"7","author":"CL Cox","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cox, C. L. et al. The balance between feeling and knowing: affective and cognitive empathy are reflected in the brain\u2019s intrinsic functional dynamics. Soc. Cogn. Affect Neurosci. 7, 727\u2013737. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/scan\/nsr051 (2012).","journal-title":"Soc. Cogn. Affect Neurosci."},{"key":"76044_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2011.12.056","volume":"22","author":"M Elsabbagh","year":"2012","unstructured":"Elsabbagh, M. et al. Infant neural sensitivity to dynamic eye-gaze is associated with later emerging autism. Curr. Biol. 22, 338\u2013342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cub.2011.12.056 (2012).","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"76044_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/s0149-7634(00)00025-7","volume":"24","author":"NJ Emery","year":"2000","unstructured":"Emery, N. J. The eyes have it: the neuroethology, function and evolution of social gaze. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 24, 581\u2013604. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0149-7634(00)00025-7 (2000).","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"76044_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4028","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0800376105","volume":"105","author":"DA Fair","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fair, D. A. et al. The maturing architecture of the brain\u2019s default network. Proc. Natl. Acad Sci. U S A. 105, 4028\u20134032. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0800376105 (2008).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad Sci. U S A."},{"key":"76044_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1000157","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1000157","volume":"7","author":"K Supekar","year":"2009","unstructured":"Supekar, K., Musen, M. & Menon, V. Development of large-scale functional brain networks in children. PLoS Biol. 7, e1000157. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pbio.1000157 (2009).","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"76044_CR24","first-page":"23","volume":"14","author":"T Anme","year":"2007","unstructured":"Anme, T., Yato, Y., Shinohara, R. & Sugisawa, Y. The validity and reliability of interaction rating scale (IRS): characteristics for children with behavioral or environmental difficulties. Jpn. J. Hum. Sci. Health Soc. Serv. 14, 23\u201331 (2007).","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Hum. Sci. Health Soc. Serv."},{"key":"76044_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0133959","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0133959","volume":"10","author":"Y Lei","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lei, Y. et al. Large-scale brain network coupling predicts total sleep deprivation effects on cognitive capacity. PLoS ONE 10, e0133959. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0133959 (2015).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"76044_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-019-00040-8","author":"H Huang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Huang, H. et al. Aberrant resting-state functional connectivity of salience network in first-episode schizophrenia. Brain Imaging Behav. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11682-019-00040-8 (2019).","journal-title":"Brain Imaging Behav."},{"key":"76044_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2017.09.010","volume":"336","author":"HA Marusak","year":"2018","unstructured":"Marusak, H. A. et al. Mindfulness and dynamic functional neural connectivity in children and adolescents. Behav Brain Res. 336, 211\u2013218. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbr.2017.09.010 (2018).","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res."},{"key":"76044_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2731","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20705","volume":"30","author":"KS Taylor","year":"2009","unstructured":"Taylor, K. S., Seminowicz, D. A. & Davis, K. D. Two systems of resting state connectivity between the insula and cingulate cortex. Hum. Brain Mapp. 30, 2731\u20132745. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hbm.20705 (2009).","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"76044_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18578","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4465-11.2011","volume":"31","author":"LQ Uddin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Uddin, L. Q., Supekar, K. S., Ryali, S. & Menon, V. Dynamic reconfiguration of structural and functional connectivity across core neurocognitive brain networks with development. J. Neurosci. 31, 18578\u201318589. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4465-11.2011 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"76044_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2555","volume":"10","author":"AD Craig","year":"2009","unstructured":"Craig, A. D. How do you feel\u2013now? The anterior insula and human awareness. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 10, 59\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn2555 (2009).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"76044_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-397025-1.00052-X","volume":"2","author":"V Menon","year":"2015","unstructured":"Menon, V. Salience network. Brain Mapp. Encyclopedic Ref. 2, 597\u2013611. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-12-397025-1.00052-X (2015).","journal-title":"Brain Mapp. Encyclopedic Ref."},{"key":"76044_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12569","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0800005105","volume":"105","author":"D Sridharan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sridharan, D., Levitin, D. J. & Menon, V. A critical role for the right fronto-insular cortex in switching between central-executive and default-mode networks. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 105, 12569\u201312574. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0800005105 (2008).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"76044_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2657","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1998.80.5.2657","volume":"80","author":"JC Culham","year":"1998","unstructured":"Culham, J. C. et al. Cortical fMRI activation produced by attentive tracking of moving targets. J. Neurophysiol. 80, 2657\u20132670. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jn.1998.80.5.2657 (1998).","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"76044_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4227-13.2014","volume":"34","author":"AV Utevsky","year":"2014","unstructured":"Utevsky, A. V., Smith, D. V. & Huettel, S. A. Precuneus is a functional core of the default-mode network. J. Neurosci. 34, 932\u2013940. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4227-13.2014 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"76044_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e159","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0060159","volume":"6","author":"P Hagmann","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hagmann, P. et al. Mapping the structural core of human cerebral cortex. PLoS Biol. 6, e159. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pbio.0060159 (2008).","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"76044_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2433","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200108080-00029","volume":"12","author":"TF Farrow","year":"2001","unstructured":"Farrow, T. F. et al. Investigating the functional anatomy of empathy and forgiveness. NeuroReport 12, 2433\u20132438. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00001756-200108080-00029 (2001).","journal-title":"NeuroReport"},{"key":"76044_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2005.1631","volume":"360","author":"M Petrides","year":"2005","unstructured":"Petrides, M. Lateral prefrontal cortex: architectonic and functional organization. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 360, 781\u2013795. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rstb.2005.1631 (2005).","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"76044_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2272","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3470-06.2007","volume":"27","author":"J Fan","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fan, J. et al. Response anticipation and response conflict: an event-related potential and functional magnetic resonance imaging study. J. Neurosci. 27, 2272\u20132282. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3470-06.2007 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"76044_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4690","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1113455109","volume":"109","author":"V Bonnelle","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bonnelle, V. et al. Salience network integrity predicts default mode network function after traumatic brain injury. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 109, 4690\u20134695. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1113455109 (2012).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"76044_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858412440596","volume":"19","author":"ML Seghier","year":"2013","unstructured":"Seghier, M. L. The angular gyrus: multiple functions and multiple subdivisions. Neuroscientist 19, 43\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1073858412440596 (2013).","journal-title":"Neuroscientist"},{"key":"76044_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1089\/brain.2017.0495","volume":"8","author":"MT Jurkiewicz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jurkiewicz, M. T., Crawley, A. P. & Mikulis, D. J. Is rest really rest? Resting-state functional connectivity during rest and motor task paradigms. Brain Connect. 8, 268\u2013275. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/brain.2017.0495 (2018).","journal-title":"Brain Connect."},{"key":"76044_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5966","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2668-18.2019","volume":"39","author":"L Papeo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Papeo, L., Agostini, B. & Lingnau, A. The large-scale organization of gestures and words in the middle temporal gyrus. J. Neurosci. 39, 5966\u20135974. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2668-18.2019 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"76044_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2010.04.004","volume":"14","author":"SL Bressler","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bressler, S. L. & Menon, V. Large-scale brain networks in cognition: emerging methods and principles. Trends Cogn Sci. 14, 277\u2013290. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tics.2010.04.004 (2010).","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci."},{"key":"76044_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2015.04.004","volume":"38","author":"R Feldman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Feldman, R. The adaptive human parental brain: implications for children\u2019s social development. Trends Neurosci. 38, 387\u2013399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tins.2015.04.004 (2015).","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"76044_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2004.05.017","volume":"56","author":"E Leibenluft","year":"2004","unstructured":"Leibenluft, E., Gobbini, M. I., Harrison, T. & Haxby, J. V. Mothers\u2019 neural activation in response to pictures of their children and other children. Biol. Psychiatry 56, 225\u2013232. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2004.05.017 (2004).","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"76044_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8624.00333","volume":"72","author":"SM Carlson","year":"2001","unstructured":"Carlson, S. M. & Moses, L. J. Individual differences in inhibitory control and children\u2019s theory of mind. Child Dev. 72, 1032\u20131053. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1467-8624.00333 (2001).","journal-title":"Child Dev."},{"key":"76044_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8721.2007.00532.x","volume":"16","author":"R Feldman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Feldman, R. Parent-infant synchrony: biological foundations and developmental outcomes. Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci. 16, 340\u2013345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-8721.2007.00532.x (2007).","journal-title":"Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"76044_CR48","first-page":"119","volume-title":"Handbook of Positive Psychology in Schools","author":"TL Spinrad","year":"2009","unstructured":"Spinrad, T. L. & Eisenberg, N. Empathy, Prosocial Behavior, and Positive Development in Schools. In Handbook of Positive Psychology in Schools (eds Furlong, M. J. et al.) 119\u2013129 (Routledge, London, 2009)."},{"key":"76044_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.01587","volume":"9","author":"JK Hietanen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hietanen, J. K. Affective eye-contact: an integrative review. Front Psychol. 9, 1587. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.01587 (2018).","journal-title":"Front Psychol."},{"key":"76044_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S63773","volume":"10","author":"KP Wylie","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wylie, K. P. et al. Reduced brain resting-state network specificity in infants compared with adults. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 10, 1349\u20131359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/NDT.S63773 (2014).","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat."},{"key":"76044_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002374","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1002374","volume":"8","author":"K Supekar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Supekar, K. & Menon, V. Developmental maturation of dynamic causal control signals in higher-order cognition: a neurocognitive network model. PLoS Comput. Biol. 8, e1002374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1002374 (2012).","journal-title":"PLoS Comput. Biol."},{"key":"76044_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e668","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2015.133","volume":"5","author":"A Rifkin-Graboi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rifkin-Graboi, A. et al. Maternal sensitivity, infant limbic structure volume and functional connectivity: a preliminary study. Transl. Psychiatry 5, e668. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/tp.2015.133 (2015).","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"76044_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhx323","volume":"28","author":"J Brauer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Brauer, J., Xiao, Y., Poulain, T., Friederici, A. D. & Schirmer, A. Frequency of maternal touch predicts resting activity and connectivity of the developing social brain. Cereb. Cortex. 28, 692. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cercor\/bhx323 (2018).","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex."},{"key":"76044_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12737","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12737","volume":"31","author":"AJ Dufford","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dufford, A. J., Erhart, A. & Kim, P. Maternal brain resting-state connectivity in the postpartum period. J. Neuroendocrinol. 31, e12737. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jne.12737 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"76044_CR55","unstructured":"Hollingshead, A. Two Factor Index of Social Position. Hollingshead (1957)."},{"key":"76044_CR56","volume-title":"Measurement of Intelligence by Drawings","author":"FL Goodenough","year":"1926","unstructured":"Goodenough, F. L. Measurement of Intelligence by Drawings (World Book Co., New York, 1926)."},{"key":"76044_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/s0165-1781(02)00106-3","volume":"110","author":"M Kojima","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kojima, M. et al. Cross-cultural validation of the Beck Depression Inventory-II in Japan. Psychiatry Res. 110, 291\u2013299. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0165-1781(02)00106-3 (2002).","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"76044_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.4992\/jjpsy.77.534","volume":"77","author":"A Wakabayashi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wakabayashi, A. et al. Autism-spectrum quotient (AQ) Japanese children\u2019s version \" comparison between high-functioning children with autism spectrum disorders and normal controls. Jpn. J. Phys. 77, 534\u2013540. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4992\/jjpsy.77.534 (2007).","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Phys."},{"key":"76044_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.4992\/jjpsy.75.78","volume":"75","author":"A Wakabayashi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wakabayashi, A., Tojo, Y., Baron-Cohen, S. & Wheelwright, S. The Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) Japanese version: evidence from high-functioning clinical group and normal adults. Jpn. J. Phys. 75, 78\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4992\/jjpsy.75.78 (2004).","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Phys."},{"key":"76044_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0136427","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0136427","volume":"10","author":"TX Fujisawa","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fujisawa, T. X. et al. Neural basis of psychological growth following adverse experiences: a resting-state functional MRI Study. PLoS ONE 10, e0136427. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0136427 (2015).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"76044_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4850","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-04579-8","volume":"7","author":"Y Mizuno","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mizuno, Y. et al. Catechol-O-methyltransferase polymorphism is associated with the cortico-cerebellar functional connectivity of executive function in children with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder. Sci. Rep. 7, 4850. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-04579-8 (2017).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"76044_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2010.00013","volume":"4","author":"Y Chao-Gan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chao-Gan, Y. & Yu-Feng, Z. DPARSF: a MATLAB toolbox for \u201cpipeline\u201d data analysis of resting-state fMRI. Front. Syst. Neurosci. 4, 1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnsys.2010.00013 (2010).","journal-title":"Front. Syst. Neurosci."},{"key":"76044_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2018.06.043","volume":"683","author":"YT Shen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shen, Y. T. et al. Disrupted amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations and causal connectivity in Parkinson\u2019s disease with apathy. Neurosci. Lett. 683, 75\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neulet.2018.06.043 (2018).","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"76044_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S419","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.je20090171","volume":"20","author":"T Anme","year":"2010","unstructured":"Anme, T. et al. Interaction Rating Scale (IRS) as an evidence-based practical index of children\u2019s social skills and parenting. J. Epidemiol. 20, S419\u2013S426. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2188\/jea.je20090171 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"76044_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0193(200007)10:3<120::aid-hbm30>3.0.co;2-8","volume":"10","author":"JL Lancaster","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lancaster, J. L. et al. Automated Talairach atlas labels for functional brain mapping. Hum. Brain Mapp. 10, 120\u2013131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/1097-0193(200007)10:3%3c120::aid-hbm30%3e3.0.co;2-8 (2000).","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-020-76044-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-020-76044-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-020-76044-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,6]],"date-time":"2022-12-06T22:38:43Z","timestamp":1670366323000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-020-76044-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,3]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["76044"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-76044-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 July 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 October 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 November 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"18903"}}