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Cocaine addicts show reduced brain activity. However, it is not clear if this condition results from individual predisposing traits or is the result of chronic cocaine intake. A translational neuroimaging approach with an animal model distinguishing non-addict-like vs. addict-like animals may help overcome the limitations of clinical research by comparing controlled experimental conditions that are impossible to obtain in humans. Here we aimed to evaluate neuronal activity in freely moving rats by manganese enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in the 0\/3crit model of cocaine addiction. We show that addict-like rats exhibit reduced neuronal activity compared to cocaine-na\u00efve controls during the first week of abstinence. In contrast, cocaine-experienced non-addict-like rats maintained their brain activity at a level comparable to cocaine-na\u00efve controls. We also evaluated brain activity during cocaine bingeing, finding a general reduction of brain activity in cocaine experienced rats independent of an addiction-like phenotype. These findings indicate that brain hypoactivity in cocaine addiction is associated with the development of compulsive use rather than the amount of cocaine consumed, and may be used as a potential biomarker for addiction that clearly distinguishes non-addict-like vs addict-like cocaine use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-76182-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,9]],"date-time":"2020-11-09T11:05:02Z","timestamp":1604919902000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Cocaine addicted rats show reduced neural activity as revealed by manganese-enhanced MRI"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Nazzareno","family":"Cannella","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Cosa-Linan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatiane","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Weber-Fahr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rainer","family":"Spanagel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"76182_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2010.03194.x","volume":"106","author":"C Lopez-Quintero","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lopez-Quintero, C. et al. Probability and predictors of remission from life-time nicotine, alcohol, cannabis or cocaine dependence: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Addiction 106, 657\u2013669. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2010.03194.x (2011).","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"76182_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2010.11.004","volume":"115","author":"C Lopez-Quintero","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lopez-Quintero, C. et al. Probability and predictors of transition from first use to dependence on nicotine, alcohol, cannabis, and cocaine: Results of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC). 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