{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T10:50:15Z","timestamp":1775645415025,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,9]],"date-time":"2020-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604880000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,9]],"date-time":"2020-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604880000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GNT1172873"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT1172873"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GNT1136117"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT1136117"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GNT1173361"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT1173361"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GNT1105905"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT1105905"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GNT1174555"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT1174555"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GNT1172900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT1172900"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>New treatments for oropharyngeal gonorrhoea are required to address rising antimicrobial resistance. We aimed to examine the efficacy of a 14-day course of mouthwash twice daily compared to standard treatment (antibiotic) for the treatment of oropharyngeal gonorrhoea. The OMEGA2 trial was a parallel-group and open-labelled randomised controlled trial among men with untreated oropharyngeal gonorrhoea that was conducted between September 2018\u00a0and February 2020\u00a0at Melbourne Sexual Health Centre in Australia. Men were randomised to the intervention (rinsing, gargling and spraying mouthwash twice daily for 14\u00a0days) or control (standard treatment) arm and followed for 28\u00a0days. Participants in both arms were advised to abstain from sex and kissing with anyone for 14\u00a0days after enrolment. Oropharyngeal swabs were collected at baseline, Day 14 and Day 28 and tested for <jats:italic>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic> by nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) and culture. The primary outcome was the detection of oropharyngeal <jats:italic>N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic> by NAAT at Day 14 after treatment. This trial was registered on the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12618001380280). This trial stopped early due to a high failure rate in the mouthwash arm. Twelve men were randomly assigned to either mouthwash (n\u2009=\u20096) or standard treatment (n\u2009=\u20096). Of the 11 men who returned at Day 14, the cure rate for oropharyngeal gonorrhoea in the mouthwash arm was 20% (95% CI 1\u201372%; 1\/5) and in the standard treatment arm was 100% (95% CI 54\u2013100%; 6\/6). A 14-day course of mouthwash failed to cure a high proportion of oropharyngeal gonorrhoea cases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-76184-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,9]],"date-time":"2020-11-09T11:05:02Z","timestamp":1604919902000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["An open-label, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial of antiseptic mouthwash versus\u00a0antibiotics for oropharyngeal gonorrhoea treatment (OMEGA2)"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Eric P. 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Increasing trends of gonorrhoea and syphilis and the threat of drug-resistant gonorrhoea in Europe. Euro Surveill. 17, 20225 (2012).","journal-title":"Euro Surveill."},{"key":"76184_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01221-19","author":"DA Williamson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Williamson, D. A. et al. Trends and risk factors for antimicrobial-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Melbourne, Australia, 2007 to 2018. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AAC.01221-19 (2019).","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"76184_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics7030060","author":"LK Whittles","year":"2018","unstructured":"Whittles, L. K., White, P. J., Paul, J. & Didelot, X. Epidemiological trends of antibiotic resistant gonorrhoea in the United Kingdom. Antibiotics (Basel) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antibiotics7030060 (2018).","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)"},{"key":"76184_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2305.170088","volume":"23","author":"JR Papp","year":"2017","unstructured":"Papp, J. R. et al. Azithromycin resistance and decreased ceftriaxone susceptibility in Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Hawaii, USA. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 23, 830\u2013832. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid2305.170088 (2017).","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"76184_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30340-2","volume":"18","author":"DM Whiley","year":"2018","unstructured":"Whiley, D. M., Jennison, A., Pearson, J. & Lahra, M. M. Genetic characterisation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae resistant to both ceftriaxone and azithromycin. Lancet Infect. Dis. 18, 717\u2013718. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30340-2 (2018).","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. 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A multicentre double-blind randomised controlled trial evaluating the efficacy of daily use of antibacterial mouthwash against oropharyngeal gonorrhoea among men who have sex with men: the OMEGA (Oral Mouthwash use to Eradicate GonorrhoeA) study protocol. BMC Infect. Dis 17, 456. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-017-2541-3 (2017).","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis"},{"key":"76184_CR15","unstructured":"Chow, E. P. F. et al. Antiseptic mouthwash for gonorrhoea prevention (OMEGA): a randomised, double-blind, parallel-group, multicentre trial. Lancet Infect. Dis. In Press (2020)."},{"key":"76184_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2039","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1411426","volume":"372","author":"RC Brunham","year":"2015","unstructured":"Brunham, R. C., Gottlieb, S. L. & Paavonen, J. Pelvic inflammatory disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 372, 2039\u20132048. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMra1411426 (2015).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. 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