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Calves at high risk of developing BRD were randomly enrolled in one of three groups receiving: (1) enrofloxacin (ENR; n\u2009=\u200922); (2) tulathromycin (TUL; n\u2009=\u200924); or (3) no treatment (CTL; n\u2009=\u200921). Fecal samples were collected at enrollment and at 7, 28, and 56\u00a0days after beginning treatment, cultured for <jats:italic>Escherichia<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>coli<\/jats:italic> (EC) and DNA extracted. Isolates were screened for cephalosporin, quinolone and tetracycline resistance genes using PCR. QRDR screening was conducted using Sanger sequencing. The only resistance genes detected were <jats:italic>aac(6\u2032)Ib-cr<\/jats:italic> (n\u2009=\u200913), <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>-CTX-M (n\u2009=\u200951), <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>-TEM (n\u2009=\u2009117), <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>A (n\u2009=\u2009142) and <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>B (n\u2009=\u2009101). A significantly higher detection of <jats:italic>gyr<\/jats:italic>A mutated at position 248 at time points 7 (OR\u2009=\u200911.5; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> value\u2009=\u20090.03) and 28 (OR\u2009=\u20099.0; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> value\u2009=\u20090.05) was observed in the ENR group when compared to calves in the control group. Our findings support a better understanding of the potential impacts from the use of enrofloxacin in calves on the selection and persistence of resistance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-76232-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,9]],"date-time":"2020-11-09T11:05:02Z","timestamp":1604919902000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Genotypic antimicrobial resistance characterization of E. coli from dairy calves at high risk of respiratory disease administered enrofloxacin or tulathromycin"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"R. V.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Foditsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. 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