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Only little is known regarding the association of pyuria or UTI with renal outcomes. We investigated 3226 patients with stage 3\u20135 CKD. Pyuria was defined as\u2009\u2265\u200950 WBC per high-power field (hpf) and was correlated to old age, female, diabetes, hypoalbuminemia, lower eGFR, and higher inflammation status. In Cox regression, patients with more than one episode of pyuria in the first year (11.8%) had increased risks for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) [hazard ratio (95% CI): 1.90 (1.58\u20132.28); <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009<jats:italic>0.001<\/jats:italic>], rapid renal function progression [odds ratio (95% CI): 1.49 (1.13\u20131.95); <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009<jats:italic>0.001<\/jats:italic>], and all-cause mortality [hazard ratio: 1.63 (1.29\u20132.05); <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009<jats:italic>0.001<\/jats:italic>], compared to those without pyuria. In a subgroup analysis, the risk of pyuria for ESRD was modified by CKD stages. We investigated the effects of UTI (urinary symptoms and treated by antibiotics) and pyuria without UTI (urine WBC\u2009&lt;\u200950 to\u2009\u2265\u200910\/hpf without any episodes of\u2009\u2265\u200950 WBC\/hpf or UTI), while both groups were associated with clinical outcomes. In conclusion, CKD stage 3\u20135 patients with frequent pyuria or UTI episodes have increased risks of renal outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-76520-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,10]],"date-time":"2020-11-10T11:02:41Z","timestamp":1605006161000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Pyuria, urinary tract infection and renal outcome in patients with chronic kidney disease stage 3\u20135"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"I-Ching","family":"Kuo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia-Jung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daw-Yang","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee-Moay","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hugo You-Hsien","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shang-Jyh","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hung-Chun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi-Chih","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9722","key":"76520_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)62004-3","volume":"375","author":"MT James","year":"2010","unstructured":"James, M. 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