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In the lungs, this fungus interacts with epithelial cells, activating host cell signalling pathways, resulting in the production of inflammatory mediators. This event may be initiated through the activation of Pattern-Recognition Receptors such as Toll-like Receptors (TLRs). By interacting with cell wall components, TLR2 is frequently related to fungal infections. In this work, we show that, after 24\u00a0h post-infection with <jats:italic>P. brasiliensis,<\/jats:italic> A549 lung epithelial cells presented higher TLR2 levels, which is important for IL-8 secretion. Besides, integrins may also participate in pathogen recognition by host cells. We verified that <jats:italic>P. brasiliensis<\/jats:italic> increased \u03b13 integrin levels in A549 cells after 5\u00a0h of infection and promoted interaction between this receptor and TLR2. However, after 24\u00a0h, surprisingly, we verified a decrease of \u03b13 integrin levels, which was dependent on direct contact between fungi and epithelial cells. Likewise, we observed that TLR2 is important to downmodulate \u03b13 integrin levels after 24\u00a0h of infection. Thus, <jats:italic>P. brasiliensis<\/jats:italic> can modulate the host inflammatory response by exploiting host cell receptors and cell signalling pathways.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-76557-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,10]],"date-time":"2020-11-10T11:02:41Z","timestamp":1605006161000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Paracoccidioides brasiliensis downmodulates \u03b13 integrin levels in human lung epithelial cells in a TLR2-dependent manner"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Bianca Carla Silva Campitelli","family":"de Barros","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruna Rocha","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erika","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"76557_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1590\/0037-8682-0230-2017","volume":"50","author":"MA Shikanai-Yasuda","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shikanai-Yasuda, M. A. et al. Brazilian guidelines for the clinical management of paracoccidioidomycosis. Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop. 50, 715\u2013740 (2017).","journal-title":"Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop."},{"key":"76557_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007195","volume":"13","author":"J Griffiths","year":"2019","unstructured":"Griffiths, J., Colombo, A. L. & Denning, D. W. The case for paracoccidioidomycosis to be accepted as a neglected tropical (fungal) disease. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 13, 1\u201310 (2019).","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"76557_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Millington, M. A. et al. Paracoccidioidomicose: abordagem hist\u00f3rica e perspectivas de implanta\u00e7\u00e3o da vigil\u00e2ncia e controle. Epidemiol. e Serv. saude Rev. do Sist. 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