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We screened 1058 women for GBS colonization at 33\u201337 gestational weeks using a combination of vaginal-to-rectal swab and culture-based methods. Women who tested GBS positive were randomized to either the verum group, receiving a dietary probiotic supplement of four viable strains of <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic> twice-daily for 14\u00a0days, or to the placebo group. Women underwent follow-up smears, whereat GBS colonization upon follow-up was considered the primary endpoint. We found that 215 women (20.3%) were positive for GBS upon screening, of which 82 (38.1%) were eligible for study inclusion; 41 (50%) of these were randomized to the verum and placebo groups each. After treatment, 21\/33 (63.6%) members of the verum group, and 21\/27 (77.8%) of the placebo group were still GBS positive (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.24). Four (9.8%) women in the verum group and one (2.4%) in the placebo group experienced preterm birth (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.20); smokers showed significantly higher rates of preterm birth (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.03). Hence, the findings did not support the hypothesis that oral probiotics can eradicate GBS during pregnancy, although we observed a trend toward reduced GBS persistence after probiotic intake.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-76896-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,12]],"date-time":"2020-11-12T11:02:41Z","timestamp":1605178961000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Oral probiotics to reduce vaginal group B streptococcal colonization in late pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct03008421","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4628-9052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex","family":"Farr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Sustr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herbert","family":"Kiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingo","family":"Rosicky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Graf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Athanasios","family":"Makristathis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"Foessleitner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ljubomir","family":"Petricevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"76896_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e318219229b","volume":"117","author":"ACOG Committee Opinion No","year":"2011","unstructured":"ACOG Committee Opinion No. 485: prevention of early-onset group B streptococcal disease in newborns. 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