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This may be associated with systemic features or not. Here we identified <jats:italic>COG5<\/jats:italic> compound-heterozygous variants in patients affected with a complex LCA phenotype associated with microcephaly and skeletal dysplasia. COG5 is a component of the COG complex, which facilitates retrograde Golgi trafficking; if disrupted this can result in protein misfolding. To date, variants in <jats:italic>COG5<\/jats:italic> have been associated with a distinct congenital disorder of glycosylation (type IIi) and with a variant of Friedreich\u2019s ataxia. We show that <jats:italic>COG5<\/jats:italic> variants can also result in fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus and upregulation of the UPR modulator, PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK). In addition, upregulation of PERK induces DNA damage in cultured cells and in murine retina. This study identifies a novel role for COG5 in maintaining ER protein homeostasis and that disruption of that role results in activation of PERK and early-onset retinal degeneration, microcephaly and skeletal dysplasia. These results also highlight the importance of the UPR pathway in early-onset retinal dystrophy and as potential therapeutic targets for patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-77394-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,4]],"date-time":"2020-12-04T11:03:23Z","timestamp":1607079803000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["COG5 variants lead to complex early onset retinal degeneration, upregulation of PERK and DNA damage"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Sami","family":"Tabbarah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erika","family":"Tavares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Charish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ajoy","family":"Vincent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Paterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Di Scipio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Mendoza-Londono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Maynes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elise","family":"Heon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe P.","family":"Monnier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"77394_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2016-309975","volume":"101","author":"N Kumaran","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kumaran, N., Moore, A. 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