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Parrots are a major host, yet prevalence and risk factors for infection in wild parrots are largely unknown. Additionally, recent research suggests there is a diverse range of novel <jats:italic>Chlamydiales<\/jats:italic> circulating in wildlife. We therefore sampled seven abundant parrot species in south-eastern Australia, taking cloacal swabs and serum from n\u2009=\u2009132 wild adults. We determined <jats:italic>C. psittaci<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Chlamydiales<\/jats:italic> prevalence and seroprevalence, and tested for host species, sex, geographical and seasonal differences, and temporal changes in individual infection status. Across all species, <jats:italic>Chlamydiales<\/jats:italic> prevalence was 39.8% (95% CI 31.6, 48.7), <jats:italic>C. psittaci<\/jats:italic> prevalence was 9.8% (95% CI 5.7, 16.3) and <jats:italic>C. gallinacea<\/jats:italic> prevalence was 0.8% (95% CI 0.1, 4.5). Other <jats:italic>Chlamydiales<\/jats:italic> species were not identified to species level. We identified two <jats:italic>C. psittaci<\/jats:italic> strains within the 6BC clade, which is highly virulent in humans. Seroprevalence was 37.0% (95% CI 28.5, 46.4). Host species (including crimson rosellas, galahs, sulphur-crested cockatoos and blue-winged parrots) differed in seroprevalence and <jats:italic>Chlamydiales<\/jats:italic> prevalence. Galahs had both highest <jats:italic>Chlamydiales<\/jats:italic> prevalence (54.8%) and seroprevalence (74.1%). Seroprevalence differed between sites, with a larger difference in males (range 20\u201363%) than females (29\u201344%). We reveal a higher chlamydial prevalence than previously reported in many wild parrots, with implications for potential reservoirs, and transmission risks to humans and other avian hosts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-77500-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,24]],"date-time":"2020-11-24T11:16:29Z","timestamp":1606216589000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Species, sex and geographic variation in chlamydial prevalence in abundant wild Australian parrots"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1210-6438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena S.","family":"Stokes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1277-7602","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johanne M.","family":"Martens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6758-4763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ken","family":"Walder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yonatan","family":"Segal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5774-3089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mathew L.","family":"Berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8512-2805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew T. 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