{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T13:16:10Z","timestamp":1793193370427,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,4]],"date-time":"2020-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607040000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,4]],"date-time":"2020-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607040000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010753","name":"National Health Laboratory Service","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GRANT004_94485"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GRANT004_94485"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010753","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Assessment of the efficacy of a single 810\u00a0nm diode laser application as an adjunctive treatment modality during the first intervention of non-surgical periodontal therapy (NPT). 25 patients diagnosed with chronic periodontitis underwent a split-mouth randomised control trial. The periodontal pockets of the test quadrants were treated with an 810\u00a0nm diode laser as an adjunct to NPT (Picasso GaAlAs; AMD Lasers). The laser was set at 1.0\u00a0W continuous wave, 400\u00a0\u00b5m tip, 796\u00a0W\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>peak power density and a 32\u00a0J\/cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>energy density. Therapeutic outcomes were evaluated based on the clinical parameters, which included probing pocket depth, recession, clinical attachment level, full mouth plaque score, full mouth bleeding on probing and tooth mobility. The baseline bacterial collection was completed from the periodontal pockets and then re-evaluated at 6\u00a0weeks. Clinical parameters demonstrated no statistical difference, with the exception of a statistically significant (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) reduction in bleeding on probing for the test side. The test side resulted in a statistical increase of<jats:italic>Capnocytophaga<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>species<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Treponema<\/jats:italic><jats:italic>denticola<\/jats:italic>. The single application of the diode laser did not significantly improve the bacterial nor the clinical parameters in patients with chronic periodontitis.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Trial registration number: PACTR201909915338276.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-78435-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,4]],"date-time":"2020-12-04T11:03:23Z","timestamp":1607079803000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["In vivo investigation of diode laser application on red complex bacteria in non-surgical periodontal therapy: a split-mouth randomised control trial"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3847-9451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sun\u00e9","family":"Mulder-van Staden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8297-8536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haly","family":"Holmes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos","family":"Hille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"78435_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-015-1795-5","volume":"31","author":"Y Cheng","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cheng, Y. et al. Efficacy of adjunctive laser in non-surgical periodontal treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Lasers Med. Sci. 31, 151\u2013163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10103-015-1795-5 (2016).","journal-title":"Lasers Med. Sci."},{"issue":"38","key":"78435_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2005.00113.x","volume":"2000","author":"SC Holt","year":"2005","unstructured":"Holt, S. C. & Ebersole, J. L. Porphyromonasgingivalis, Treponemadenticola, and Tannerellaforsythia: The \u2018red complex\u2019, a prototype polybacterial pathogenic consortium in periodontitis. Periodontol.\u00a02000.\u00a038, 72\u2013122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2005.00113.x (2005).","journal-title":"Periodontol."},{"key":"78435_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1998.tb02419.x","volume":"25","author":"SS Socransky","year":"1998","unstructured":"Socransky, S. S., Haffajee, A. D., Cugini, M. A., Smith, C. & Kent, R. L. Jr. Microbial complexes in subgingival plaque. J. Clin. Periodontol. 25, 134\u2013144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1998.tb02419.x (1998).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"78435_CR4","unstructured":"Clinical Periodontology and Implant Dentistry. (ed. Lang, N. P. & Lindhe, J) 1\u20131480 (2015)."},{"key":"78435_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-012-1181-5","volume":"28","author":"F Sgolastra","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sgolastra, F., Severino, M., Gatto, R. & Monaco, A. Effectiveness of diode laser as adjunctive therapy to scaling root planning in the treatment of chronic periodontitis: A meta-analysis. Lasers Med. Sci. 28, 1393\u20131402. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10103-012-1181-5 (2013).","journal-title":"Lasers Med. Sci."},{"key":"78435_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2005.00823.x","volume":"32","author":"DF Kinane","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kinane, D. F. & Attstr\u00f6m, R. Advances in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Group B consensus report of the fifth European Workshop in Periodontology. J. Clin. Periodontol. 32, 130\u2013131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2005.00823.x (2005).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"issue":"9","key":"78435_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.1995.tb00051.x","volume":"2000","author":"RG Caffesse","year":"1995","unstructured":"Caffesse, R. G., Mota, L. F. & Morrison, E. C. The rationale for periodontal therapy. Periodontol.\u00a02000.\u00a09, 7\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0757.1995.tb00051.x (1995).","journal-title":"Periodontol."},{"issue":"75","key":"78435_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12137","volume":"2000","author":"CM Cobb","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cobb, C. M. Lasers and the treatment of periodontitis: The essence and the noise. Periodontol.\u00a02000.\u00a075, 205\u2013295. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/prd.12137 (2017).","journal-title":"Periodontol."},{"key":"78435_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2015.3914","volume":"33","author":"T Qadri","year":"2015","unstructured":"Qadri, T., Javed, F., Johannsen, G. & Gustafsson, A. Role of diode lasers (800\u2013980 nm) as adjuncts to scaling and root planning in the treatment of chronic periodontitis: A systematic review. Photomed. Laser Surg. 33, 568\u2013575. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/pho.2015.3914 (2015).","journal-title":"Photomed. Laser Surg."},{"key":"78435_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.3390\/dj8030093","volume":"8","author":"D Coluzzi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Coluzzi, D., Anagnostaki, E., Mylona, V., Parker, S. & Lynch, E. Do lasers have an adjunctive role in initial non-surgical periodontal therapy? A systematic review. Dent. J. 8, 93. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/dj8030093 (2020).","journal-title":"Dent. J."},{"key":"78435_CR11","unstructured":"Principles and Practice of Laser Dentistry. (ed Convissar, R. A) 1\u2013328 (2010)."},{"key":"78435_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2008.01259.x","volume":"35","author":"F Schwarz","year":"2008","unstructured":"Schwarz, F., Aoki, A., Becker, J. & Sculean, A. Laser application in non-surgical periodontal therapy: A systematic review. J. Clin. Periodontol. 35, 29\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2008.01259.x (2008).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"issue":"71","key":"78435_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12123","volume":"2000","author":"K Mizutani","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mizutani, K. et al. Lasers in minimally invasive periodontal and peri-implant therapy. Periodontol.\u00a02000.\u00a071, 185\u2013212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/prd.12123 (2016).","journal-title":"Periodontol."},{"key":"78435_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4741","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20194741","volume":"20","author":"M Giannelli","year":"2019","unstructured":"Giannelli, M., Lasagni, M. & Bani, D. Photonic therapy in periodontal diseases an overview with appraisal of the literature and reasoned treatment recommendations. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 20, 4741. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms20194741 (2019).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"78435_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2007.01093.x","volume":"34","author":"FV Derdilopoulou","year":"2007","unstructured":"Derdilopoulou, F. V., Nonhoff, J., Neumann, K. & Kielbassa, A. M. Microbiological findings after periodontal therapy using curettes, Er:YAG laser, sonic, and ultrasonic scalers. J. Clin. Periodontol. 34, 588\u2013598. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2007.01093.x (2007).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Periodontol."},{"key":"78435_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Laser-Tissue Interactions. (ed. Niemz, M. H) 1\u2013313 (2019).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-11917-1_1"},{"issue":"36","key":"78435_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2004.03679.x","volume":"2000","author":"A Aoki","year":"2004","unstructured":"Aoki, A., Sasaki, K. M., Watanabe, H. & Ishikawa, I. Lasers in nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Periodontol.\u00a02000. 36, 59\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2004.03679.x (2004).","journal-title":"Periodontol."},{"key":"78435_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2009.08.007","volume":"54","author":"CM Cobb","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cobb, C. M., Low, S. B. & Coluzzi, D. J. Lasers and the treatment of chronic periodontitis. Dent. Clin. N. Am. 54, 35\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cden.2009.08.007 (2010).","journal-title":"Dent. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"78435_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blayden, J. & Mott, A. Soft-Tissue Lasers in Dental Hygiene. (ed. Blayden, J. & Mott, A) 1\u2013229 (2012)","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119421474"},{"key":"78435_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1080\/14764172.2018.1525744","volume":"21","author":"N Sumra","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sumra, N., Kulshrestha, R., Umale, V. & Chandurkar, K. Lasers in non-surgical periodontal treatment\u2014a review. J. Cosmet. Laser Ther. 21, 255\u2013261. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14764172.2018.1525744 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Cosmet. Laser Ther."},{"key":"78435_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.1900120509","volume":"12","author":"A Wyman","year":"1992","unstructured":"Wyman, A., Duffy, S., Sweetland, H. M., Sharp, F. & Rogers, K. Preliminary evaluation of a new high power diode laser. Lasers Surg. Med. 12, 506\u2013509. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lsm.1900120509 (1992).","journal-title":"Lasers Surg. Med."},{"key":"78435_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1089\/clm.1997.15.33","volume":"15","author":"A Moritz","year":"1997","unstructured":"Moritz, A. et al. Bacterial reduction in periodontal pockets through irradiation with a diode laser: A pilot study. J. Clin. Laser Med. Surg. 15, 33\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/clm.1997.15.33 (1997).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Laser Med. Surg."},{"key":"78435_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.20252","volume":"37","author":"M Kreisler","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kreisler, M., Al-Haj, H. & d\u2019Hoedt, B. Clinical efficacy of semiconductor laser application as an adjunct to conventional scaling and root planing. Lasers Surg. Med. 37, 350\u2013355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lsm.20252 (2005).","journal-title":"Lasers Surg. Med."},{"key":"78435_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zingale, J., Harpenau, L., Chambers, D. & Lundergan, W. Effectiveness of root planing with diode laser curettage for the treatment of periodontitis. J. Calif. Dent. Assoc. 40, 786\u2013793. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/23316559\/ (2012).","DOI":"10.1080\/19424396.2012.12220954"},{"key":"78435_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-012-0703-7","volume":"17","author":"VTE Alves","year":"2013","unstructured":"Alves, V. T. E. et al. Clinical and microbiological evaluation of high intensity diode laser adjutant to non-surgical periodontal treatment: A 6-month clinical trial. Clin. Oral Investig. 17, 87\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00784-012-0703-7 (2013).","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Investig."},{"key":"78435_CR26","unstructured":"Mulder-van Staden, S. Pan African Clinical Trial Registry. https:\/\/pactr.samrc.ac.za\/Search.aspx (2019)."},{"key":"78435_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1902\/annals.1999.4.1.1","volume":"79","author":"GC Armitage","year":"1999","unstructured":"Armitage, G. C. Development of a classification system for periodontal diseases and conditions. Ann. Periodontol. 79, 1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1902\/annals.1999.4.1.1 (1999).","journal-title":"Ann. Periodontol."},{"key":"78435_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-008-0565-z","volume":"24","author":"P Chondros","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chondros, P. et al. Photodynamic therapy as adjunct to non-surgical periodontal treatment in patients on periodontal maintenance: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Lasers Med. Sci. 24, 681\u2013688. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10103-008-0565-z (2009).","journal-title":"Lasers Med. Sci."},{"key":"78435_CR29","unstructured":"Miller, P. D. A classification of marginal tissue recession. Int. J. Periodont. Restorative Dent. 5, 8\u201313. http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/3858267 (1985)."},{"key":"78435_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1875-595x.2000.tb00553.x","volume":"50","author":"H Loe","year":"2000","unstructured":"Loe, H. Oral hygiene in the prevention of caries and periodontal disease. Int. Dent. J. 50, 129\u2013139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1875-595x.2000.tb00553.x (2000).","journal-title":"Int. Dent. J."},{"key":"78435_CR31","first-page":"464","volume":"70","author":"S Naidoo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Naidoo, S. & Mulder, R. The use of laser-based technologies in dentistry: Ethical issues and safety considerations. SADJ.\u00a070, 464\u2013466 (2015).","journal-title":"SADJ"},{"key":"78435_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1089\/104454702753768034","volume":"20","author":"M Kreisler","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kreisler, M. et al. Effect of diode laser irradiation on root surfaces in vitro. J. Clin. Laser Med. Surg. 20, 63\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/104454702753768034 (2002).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Laser Med. Surg."},{"key":"78435_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2012.03.015","volume":"141","author":"N Pandis","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pandis, N. Sample calculation for split-mouth designs. Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop. 141, 818\u2013819. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajodo.2012.03.015 (2012).","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthod. Dentofac. Orthop."},{"key":"78435_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-7757201302366","volume":"21","author":"ML Balata","year":"2013","unstructured":"Balata, M. L. et al. Photodynamic therapy associated with full-mouth ultrasonic debridement in the treatment of severe chronic periodontitis: A randomized-controlled clinical trial. J. Appl. Oral Sci. 21, 208\u2013214. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/1678-7757201302366 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Appl. Oral Sci."},{"key":"78435_CR35","unstructured":"Mulder-van Staden, S., Holmes, H. & Hille, J. Diode laser as an additional therapeutic measure in reducing red complex bacteria in chronic periodontitis. https:\/\/etd.uwc.ac.za\/xmlui\/handle\/11394\/5609 (2016)."},{"key":"78435_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.1998.tb01932.x","volume":"26","author":"PP Hujoel","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hujoel, P. P. Design and analysis issues in split mouth clinical trials. Community Dent. Oral Epidemiol. 26, 85\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0528.1998.tb01932.x (1998).","journal-title":"Community Dent. Oral Epidemiol."},{"key":"78435_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-43.2.215","volume":"43","author":"M Kang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kang, M., Ragan, B. G. & Park, J. H. Issues in outcomes research: An overview of randomization techniques for clinical trials. J. Athl. Train. 43, 215\u2013221. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4085\/1062-6050-43.2.215 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Athl. Train."},{"key":"78435_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-1208.82352","volume":"4","author":"K Suresh","year":"2011","unstructured":"Suresh, K. An overview of randomization techniques: An unbiased assessment of outcome in clinical research. J. Hum. Reprod. Sci. 4, 8\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0974-1208.82352 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Hum. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"78435_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2006.050417","volume":"77","author":"CM Cobb","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cobb, C. M. Lasers in periodontics: A review of the literature. J. Periodontol. 77, 545\u2013564. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1902\/jop.2006.050417 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"78435_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-011-1027-6","volume":"27","author":"I Cappuyns","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cappuyns, I., Cionca, N., Wick, P., Giannopoulou, C. & Mombelli, A. Treatment of residual pockets with photodynamic therapy, diode laser, or deep scaling. A randomized, split-mouth controlled clinical trial. Lasers Med. Sci. 27, 979\u2013986. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10103-011-1027-6 (2012).","journal-title":"Lasers Med. Sci."},{"key":"78435_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9101(1998)22:5<302::AID-LSM7>3.0.CO;2-T","volume":"22","author":"A Moritz","year":"1998","unstructured":"Moritz, A. et al. Treatment of periodontal pockets with a diode laser. Lasers Surg. Med. 22, 302\u2013311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9101(1998)22:5%3c302::AID-LSM7%3e3.0.CO;2-T (1998).","journal-title":"Lasers Surg. Med."},{"key":"78435_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.femsim.2005.03.011","volume":"45","author":"K Boutaga","year":"2005","unstructured":"Boutaga, K., Van Winkelhoff, A. J., Vandenbroucke-Grauls, C. M. J. E. & Savelkoul, P. H. M. Periodontal pathogens: A quantitative comparison of anaerobic culture and real-time PCR. FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. 45, 191\u2013199. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.femsim.2005.03.011 (2005).","journal-title":"FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"78435_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6276","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.10.6276-6283.2001","volume":"69","author":"R Lux","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lux, R., Miller, J. N., Park, N. & Shi, W. Motility and chemotaxis in tissue penetration of oral epithelial cell layers by Treponemadenticola. Infect. Immun. 69, 6276\u20136283. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/IAI.69.10.6276-6283.2001 (2001).","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"78435_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2011.10.006","volume":"10","author":"G Hajishengallis","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hajishengallis, G. et al. Low-abundance biofilm species orchestrates inflammatory periodontal disease through the commensal microbiota and complement. Cell Host Microbe. 10, 497\u2013506. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chom.2011.10.006 (2011).","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe."},{"key":"78435_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.20086","volume":"35","author":"DM Harris","year":"2004","unstructured":"Harris, D. M. & Yessik, M. Therapeutic ratio quantifies laser antisepsis: Ablation of Porphyromonasgingivalis with dental lasers. Lasers Surg. Med. 35, 206\u2013213. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lsm.20086 (2004).","journal-title":"Lasers Surg. Med."},{"key":"78435_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2015.01.026","volume":"146","author":"CJ Smiley","year":"2015","unstructured":"Smiley, C. J. et al. Evidence-based clinical practice guideline on the nonsurgical treatment of chronic periodontitis by means of scaling and root planning with or without adjuncts. J. Am. Dent. Assoc. 146, 525\u2013535. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.adaj.2015.01.026 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Am. Dent. Assoc."},{"key":"78435_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.17-0356","volume":"89","author":"MP Mills","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mills, M. P. et al. American Academy of Periodontology best evidence consensus statement on the efficacy of laser therapy used alone or as an adjunct to non-surgical and surgical treatment of periodontitis and peri-implant diseases. J. Periodontol. 89, 737\u2013742. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/JPER.17-0356 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-020-78435-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-020-78435-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-020-78435-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,14]],"date-time":"2023-10-14T15:53:26Z","timestamp":1697298806000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-020-78435-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,4]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["78435"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-78435-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 June 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 November 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 December 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"21311"}}