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Cattle are primary reservoirs and EHEC O157: H7; the bacteria predominately inhabit the colon and recto-anal junctions (RAJ). The early innate immune reactions in the infected gut are critical in the pathogenesis of EHEC O157: H7. In this study, calves orally inoculated with EHEC O157: H7 showed infiltration of neutrophils in the lamina propria of ileum and RAJ at 7 and 14\u00a0days post-infection. Infected calves had altered mucin layer and mast cell populations across small and large intestines. There were differential transcription expressions of key bovine \u03b2 defensins, tracheal antimicrobial peptide (<jats:italic>TAP<\/jats:italic>) in the ileum, and lingual antimicrobial peptide (<jats:italic>LAP<\/jats:italic>) in RAJ. The main Gram-negative bacterial\/LPS signaling Toll-Like receptor 4 (<jats:italic>TLR4<\/jats:italic>) was downregulated in RAJ. Intestinal infection with EHEC O157: H7 impacted the gut bacterial communities and influenced the relative abundance of<jats:italic>Negativibacillus<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Erysipelotrichaceae<\/jats:italic>in mucosa-associated bacteria in the rectum. Thus, innate immunity in the gut of calves showed unique characteristics during infection with EHEC O157: H7, which occurred in the absence of major clinical manifestations but denoted an active immunological niche.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-78752-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,9]],"date-time":"2020-12-09T11:52:15Z","timestamp":1607514735000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Early immune innate hallmarks and microbiome changes across the gut during Escherichia coli O157: H7 infection in cattle"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Mariano","family":"Larz\u00e1bal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanderson Marques","family":"Da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anmol","family":"Multani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucas E.","family":"Vagnoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dadin P.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maia S.","family":"Marin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nahuel A.","family":"Riviere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando O.","family":"Delgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel A.","family":"Vilte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matias Romero","family":"Victorica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luo","family":"Le Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Talia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angel","family":"Cataldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo R.","family":"Cobo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"78752_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X.JFP-14-348","volume":"78","author":"C Narvaez-Bravo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Narvaez-Bravo, C. et al. 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