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The main barrier to predicting reactivation disease is the lack of our understanding of host biomarkers associated with progression from latent infection to active disease. Here, we applied an immune-based gene expression profile by NanoString platform to identify whole blood markers that can distinguish active TB from other lung diseases (OPD), and that could be further evaluated as a reactivation TB predictor. Among 23 candidate genes that differentiated patients with active TB from those with OPD, nine genes (CD274, CEACAM1, CR1, FCGR1A\/B, IFITM1, IRAK3, LILRA6, MAPK14, PDCD1LG2) demonstrated sensitivity and specificity of 100%. Seven genes (C1QB, C2, CCR2, CCRL2, LILRB4, MAPK14, MSR1) distinguished TB from LTBI with sensitivity and specificity between 82 and 100%. This study identified single gene candidates that distinguished TB from OPD and LTBI with high sensitivity and specificity (both\u2009&gt;\u200982%), which may be further evaluated as diagnostic for disease and as predictive markers for reactivation TB.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-78793-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,16]],"date-time":"2020-12-16T11:24:50Z","timestamp":1608117890000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Whole blood mRNA expression-based targets to discriminate active tuberculosis from latent infection and other pulmonary diseases"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"J\u00e9ssica D.","family":"Petrilli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luana E.","family":"Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luciane Sussuchi","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Carolina","family":"Laus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Igor","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui Manuel","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo Martins","family":"Netto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee W.","family":"Riley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00e9rgio","family":"Arruda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriano","family":"Queiroz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"78793_CR1","volume-title":"Global Tuberculosis Report 2019","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2019","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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