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In this study, we explored the molecular assessment of ISO-T. ISO-T or interstitial inflammation with tubulitis (I\u2009+\u2009T) was diagnosed in indication biopsies within the first 14 postoperative days. The molecular phenotype of ISO-T was compared to I\u2009+\u2009T either by using RNA sequencing (n\u2009=\u200916) or by Molecular Microscope Diagnostic System (MMDx, n\u2009=\u200951). RNA sequencing showed lower expression of genes related to interferon-y (p\u2009=\u20091.5 *10<jats:sup>\u201316<\/jats:sup>), cytokine signaling (p\u2009=\u20092.1 *10<jats:sup>\u201320<\/jats:sup>) and inflammatory response (p\u2009=\u20091.0*10<jats:sup>\u201313<\/jats:sup>) in the ISO-T group than in I\u2009+\u2009T group. Transcripts with increased expression in the I\u2009+\u2009T group overlapped significantly with previously described pathogenesis-based transcript sets associated with cytotoxic and effector T cell transcripts, and with T cell-mediated rejection (TCMR). MMDx classified 25\/32 (78%) ISO-T biopsies and 12\/19 (63%) I\u2009+\u2009T biopsies as no-rejection. ISO-T had significantly lower MMDx scores for interstitial inflammation (p\u2009=\u20090.014), tubulitis (p\u2009=\u20090.035) and TCMR (p\u2009=\u20090.016) compared to I\u2009+\u2009T. Fewer molecular signals of inflammation in isolated tubulitis suggest that this is also a benign phenotype on a molecular level.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-79332-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,17]],"date-time":"2020-12-17T11:04:23Z","timestamp":1608203063000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Molecular patterns of isolated tubulitis differ from tubulitis with interstitial inflammation in early indication biopsies of kidney allografts"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Petra","family":"Hruba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katelynn","family":"Madill-Thomsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Mackova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiri","family":"Klema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jana","family":"Maluskova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ludek","family":"Voska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alena","family":"Parikova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janka","family":"Slatinska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip F.","family":"Halloran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ondrej","family":"Viklicky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"79332_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.03.028","volume":"98","author":"RB Mehta","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mehta, R. 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The other authors declare no conflicts of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"22220"}}