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Here, we succeeded in integrating with high efficiency an exogenous alligator cathelicidin gene into a targeted non-coding region of channel catfish (\n                    <jats:italic>Ictalurus punctatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) chromosome 1 using two different donor templates (synthesized linear dsDNA and cloned plasmid DNA constructs). We also tested two different promoters for driving the gene, zebrafish ubiquitin promoter and common carp \u03b2-actin promoter, harboring a 250-bp homologous region flanking both sides of the genomic target locus. Integration rates were found higher in dead fry than in live fingerlings, indicating either off-target effects or pleiotropic effects. Furthermore, low levels of mosaicism were detected in the tissues of P\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    individuals harboring the transgene, and high transgene expression was observed in the blood of some P\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    fish. This can be an indication of the localization of cathelicidin in neutrophils and macrophage granules as also observed in most antimicrobial peptides. This study marks the first use of CRISPR\/Cas9 HDR for gene integration in channel catfish and may contribute to the generation of a more efficient system for precise gene integration in catfish and other aquaculture species, and the development of gene-edited, disease-resistant fish.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-79409-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,17]],"date-time":"2020-12-17T06:04:23Z","timestamp":1608185063000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["CRISPR\/Cas9-mediated knock-in of alligator cathelicidin gene in a non-coding region of channel catfish genome"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Rhoda Mae C.","family":"Simora","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"De","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Max R.","family":"Bangs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenwen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoli","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baofeng","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohd G. 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