{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T11:51:37Z","timestamp":1778327497387,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,11]],"date-time":"2021-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,11]],"date-time":"2021-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610323200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000861","name":"Burroughs Wellcome Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1017300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1017300"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000861","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000861","name":"Burroughs Wellcome Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1017300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1017300"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000861","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000861","name":"Burroughs Wellcome Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1017300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1017300"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000861","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000861","name":"Burroughs Wellcome Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1017300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1017300"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000861","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000861","name":"Burroughs Wellcome Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1017300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1017300"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000861","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000861","name":"Burroughs Wellcome Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1017300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1017300"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000861","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000861","name":"Burroughs Wellcome Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1017300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1017300"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000861","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The structural and mechanical properties of tissue and the interplay between them play a critical role in tissue function. We introduce the optomechanogram, a combined quantitative and qualitative visualization of spatially co-registered measurements of the microstructural and micromechanical properties of any tissue. Our approach relies on the co-registration of two independent platforms, second-harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy for quantitative assessment of 3D collagen-fiber microstructural organization, and nanoindentation (NI) for local micromechanical properties. We experimentally validate our method by applying to uterine cervix tissue, which exhibits structural and mechanical complexity. We find statistically significant agreement between the micromechanical and microstructural data, and confirm that the distinct tissue regions are distinguishable using either the SHG or NI measurements. Our method could potentially be used for research in pregnancy maintenance, mechanobiological studies of tissues and their constitutive modeling and more generally for the optomechanical metrology of materials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-79602-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,11]],"date-time":"2021-01-11T11:25:44Z","timestamp":1610364344000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["An optomechanogram for assessment of the structural and mechanical properties of tissues"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"W.","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Ostadi Moghaddam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B. L.","family":"McFarlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. J.","family":"Wagoner Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"K. C.","family":"Toussaint","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"79602_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200029020-00005","volume":"29","author":"H Alfredson","year":"2000","unstructured":"Alfredson, H. & Lorentzon, R. Chronic Achilles tendinosis: Recommendations for treatment and prevention. Sport. Med. 29, 135\u2013146 (2000).","journal-title":"Sport. Med."},{"key":"79602_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/oe.18.024983","author":"M Sivaguru","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sivaguru, M. et al. Quantitative analysis of collagen fiber organization in injured tendons using Fourier transform-second harmonic generation imaging. Opt. Express https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/oe.18.024983 (2010).","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"79602_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46009","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.22.4.046009","volume":"22","author":"W Lee","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lee, W., Rahman, H., Kersh, M. E. & Toussaint, K. C. Application of quantitative second-harmonic generation microscopy to posterior cruciate ligament for crimp analysis studies. J. Biomed. Opt. 22, 46009 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Opt."},{"key":"79602_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02554913","author":"M Kleerekoper","year":"1985","unstructured":"Kleerekoper, M., Villanueva, A. R., Stanciu, J., Rao, D. S. & Parfitt, A. M. The role of three-dimensional trabecular microstructure in the pathogenesis of vertebral compression fractures. Calcif. Tissue Int. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02554913 (1985).","journal-title":"Calcif. Tissue Int."},{"key":"79602_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1397","author":"P Bedossa","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bedossa, P. & Paradis, V. Liver extracellular matrix in health and disease. J. Pathol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/path.1397 (2003).","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"79602_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-012110-142145","volume":"73","author":"RB Hinton","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hinton, R. B. & Yutzey, K. E. Heart valve structure and function in development and disease. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 73, 29\u201346 (2011).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"key":"79602_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1117\/1.1413209","volume":"6","author":"R Drezek","year":"2001","unstructured":"Drezek, R. et al. Understanding the contributions of NADH and collagen to cervical tissue fluorescence spectra: Modeling, measurements, and implications. J. Biomed. Opt. 6, 385\u2013396 (2001).","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Opt."},{"key":"79602_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.21037\/qims.2019.05.09","volume":"9","author":"CP Hendon","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hendon, C. P., Lye, T. H., Yao, X., Gan, Y. & Marboe, C. C. Optical coherence tomography imaging of cardiac substrates. Quant. Imaging Med. Surg. 9, 882 (2019).","journal-title":"Quant. Imaging Med. Surg."},{"key":"79602_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2018.10.006","author":"RT Gaul","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gaul, R. T., Nolan, D. R. & Lally, C. The use of small angle light scattering in assessing strain induced collagen degradation in arterial tissue ex vivo. J. Biomech. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2018.10.006 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"79602_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.20938","author":"SP Lake","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lake, S. P., Miller, K. S., Elliott, D. M. & Soslowsky, L. J. Effect of fiber distribution and realignment on the nonlinear and inhomogeneous mechanical properties of human supraspinatus tendon under longitudinal tensile loading. J. Orthop. Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jor.20938 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"key":"79602_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"019901","DOI":"10.1117\/1.3077566","volume":"14","author":"BR Masters","year":"2009","unstructured":"Masters, B. R., So, P. T. C. & Mantulin, W. W. Handbook of biomedical nonlinear optical microscopy. J. Biomed. Opt. 14, 019901 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Opt."},{"key":"79602_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.11.013","author":"R Ambekar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ambekar, R., Chittenden, M., Jasiuk, I. & Toussaint, K. C. Quantitative second-harmonic generation microscopy for imaging porcine cortical bone: Comparison to SEM and its potential to investigate age-related changes. Bone https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bone.2011.11.013 (2012).","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"79602_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1111\/jmi.12046","volume":"251","author":"TY Lau","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lau, T. Y. et al. Application of Fourier transform-second-harmonic generation imaging to the rat cervix. J. Microsc. 251, 77\u201383 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Microsc."},{"key":"79602_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2015.02.024","volume":"46","author":"S Budday","year":"2015","unstructured":"Budday, S. et al. Mechanical properties of gray and white matter brain tissue by indentation. J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater. 46, 318\u2013330 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater."},{"key":"79602_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1123\/jab.29.3.292","volume":"29","author":"KE Keenan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Keenan, K. E., Pal, S., Lindsey, D. P., Besier, T. F. & Beaupre, G. S. A viscoelastic constitutive model can accurately represent entire creep indentation tests of human patella cartilage. J. Appl. Biomech. 29, 292\u2013302 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Appl. Biomech."},{"key":"79602_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1080\/1539445X.2011.622030","volume":"11","author":"KS Wu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wu, K. S. et al. Micro-scale stiffness change of cornea tissues suffered from elevated intraocular pressure investigated by nanoindentation. Soft Mater. 11, 244\u2013253 (2013).","journal-title":"Soft Mater."},{"key":"79602_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139171731","volume-title":"Contact mechanics","author":"KL Johnson","year":"1985","unstructured":"Johnson, K. L. Contact mechanics (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1985)."},{"key":"79602_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.7643","volume":"36","author":"BL McFarlin","year":"2010","unstructured":"McFarlin, B. L., Bigelow, T. A., Obrien, W. D., O\u2019elze, M. L. & Abramowicz, J. S. Ultrasonic attenuation estimation of the pregnant cervix: a preliminary report. Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol. 36, 218 (2010).","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"79602_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2015.02.065","volume":"48","author":"KM Myers","year":"2015","unstructured":"Myers, K. M. et al. The mechanical role of the cervix in pregnancy. J. Biomech. 48, 1511\u20131523 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"79602_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-199506000-00009","author":"PC Leppert","year":"1995","unstructured":"Leppert, P. C. Anatomy and physiology of cervical ripening. Clin. Obstet. Gynecol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00003081-199506000-00009 (1995).","journal-title":"Clin. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"79602_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Word, R. A., Li, X.-H., Hnat, M. & Carrick, K. Dynamics of cervical remodeling during pregnancy and parturition: mechanisms and current concepts. In Seminars in reproductive medicine Vol. 25, 69\u201379 (Copyright\u00a9 2007 by Thieme Publishers, Inc., 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY, 2007).","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-956777"},{"key":"79602_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-209-43908","volume":"209","author":"SY Yu","year":"1995","unstructured":"Yu, S. Y., Tozzi, C. A. & Leppert, P. C. Collagen changes in rat cervix in pregnancy-polarized light microscopic and electron microscopic studies. Exp. Biol. Med. 209, 360\u2013368 (1995).","journal-title":"Exp. Biol. Med."},{"key":"79602_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26010","DOI":"10.1117\/1.3369809","volume":"15","author":"ML Akins","year":"2010","unstructured":"Akins, M. L., Luby-Phelps, K. & Mahendroo, M. Second harmonic generation imaging as a potential tool for staging pregnancy and predicting preterm birth. J. Biomed. Opt. 15, 26010\u201326020 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Opt."},{"key":"79602_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12878","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1121495109","volume":"109","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhang, Y. et al. A compact fiber-optic SHG scanning endomicroscope and its application to visualize cervical remodeling during pregnancy. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 109, 12878\u201312883 (2012).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"79602_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-42379-4","author":"DW Barrett","year":"2019","unstructured":"Barrett, D. W. et al. Targeting mechanotransduction mechanisms and tissue weakening signals in the human amniotic membrane. Sci. Rep. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-42379-4 (2019).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"79602_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.jbo.18.3.031110","author":"LM Reusch","year":"2013","unstructured":"Reusch, L. M. et al. Nonlinear optical microscopy and ultrasound imaging of human cervical structure. J. Biomed. Opt. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1117\/1.jbo.18.3.031110 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Opt."},{"key":"79602_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2016.11.041","author":"Z Liu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liu, Z. et al. Automated quantification of three-dimensional organization of fiber-like structures in biological tissues. Biomaterials https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2016.11.041 (2017).","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"79602_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2014.01.016","volume":"34","author":"W Yao","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yao, W. et al. Measuring the compressive viscoelastic mechanical properties of human cervical tissue using indentation. J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater. 34, 18\u201326 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater."},{"key":"79602_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3023","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2015.06.014","volume":"41","author":"BL McFarlin","year":"2015","unstructured":"McFarlin, B. L. et al. Beyond cervical length: a pilot study of ultrasonic attenuation for early detection of preterm birth risk. Ultrasound Med. Biol. 41, 3023\u20133029 (2015).","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med. Biol."},{"key":"79602_CR30","first-page":"447","volume":"81","author":"JG Swadener","year":"2001","unstructured":"Swadener, J. G. & Pharr, G. M. Indentation of elastically anisotropic half-spaces by cones and parabolae of revolution. Philos. Mag. A Phys. Condens. Matter Struct. Defects Mech. Prop. 81, 447\u2013466 (2001).","journal-title":"Philos. Mag. A Phys. Condens. Matter Struct. Defects Mech. Prop."},{"key":"79602_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2012-0272","author":"R Romero","year":"2013","unstructured":"Romero, R. et al. A blueprint for the prevention of preterm birth: Vaginal progesterone in women with a short cervix. J. Perinat. Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/jpm-2012-0272 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Perinat. Med."},{"key":"79602_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2005.0073","volume":"3","author":"TC Gasser","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gasser, T. C., Ogden, R. W. & Holzapfel, G. A. Hyperelastic modelling of arterial layers with distributed collagen fibre orientations. J. R. Soc. Interface 3, 15\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsif.2005.0073 (2006).","journal-title":"J. R. Soc. Interface"},{"key":"79602_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1080\/10255842.2015.1033163","volume":"19","author":"M Fernandez","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fernandez, M. et al. Investigating the mechanical function of the cervix during pregnancy using finite element models derived from high-resolution 3D MRI. Comput. Methods Biomech. Biomed. Engin. 19, 404\u2013417 (2015).","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Biomech. Biomed. Engin."},{"key":"79602_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"091017","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4043977","volume":"141","author":"L Shi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shi, L. et al. Anisotropic material characterization of human cervix tissue based on indentation and inverse finite element analysis. J. Biomech. Eng. 141, 091017 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Biomech. Eng."},{"key":"79602_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2016.04.007","volume":"61","author":"H Khayyeri","year":"2016","unstructured":"Khayyeri, H., Longo, G., Gustafsson, A. & Isaksson, H. Comparison of structural anisotropic soft tissue models for simulating Achilles tendon tensile behaviour. J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater. 61, 431\u2013443 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater."},{"key":"79602_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20160620","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2016.0620","volume":"13","author":"JA Niestrawska","year":"2016","unstructured":"Niestrawska, J. A. et al. Microstructure and mechanics of healthy and aneurysmatic abdominal aortas: Experimental analysis and modelling. J. R. Soc. Interface 13, 20160620 (2016).","journal-title":"J. R. Soc. Interface"},{"key":"79602_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2014.11.043","volume":"14","author":"S Polzer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Polzer, S. et al. Structure-based constitutive model can accurately predict planar biaxial properties of aortic wall tissue. Acta Biomater. 14, 133\u2013145 (2014).","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"79602_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2012.12.033","volume":"9","author":"JT Moyer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Moyer, J. T., Priest, R., Bouman, T., Abraham, A. C. & Donahue, T. L. H. Indentation properties and glycosaminoglycan content of human menisci in the deep zone. Acta Biomater. 9, 6624\u20136629 (2013).","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"79602_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2013.845159","volume":"27","author":"GN Souza","year":"2013","unstructured":"Souza, G. N. et al. The expression of glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans in the uterine cervix of albino rats after local hyaluronidase infusion. J. Matern. Fetal. Neonatal Med. 27, 879\u2013886 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Matern. Fetal. Neonatal Med."},{"key":"79602_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/oe.14.001167","author":"E Yew","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yew, E. & Sheppard, C. Effects of axial field components on second harmonic generation microscopy. Opt. Express https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/oe.14.001167 (2006).","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"79602_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4006848","author":"R Namani","year":"2012","unstructured":"Namani, R. et al. Elastic characterization of transversely isotropic soft materials by dynamic shear and asymmetric indentation. J. Biomech. Eng. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/1.4006848 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Biomech. Eng."},{"key":"79602_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2019.103539","volume":"103","author":"AO Moghaddam","year":"2020","unstructured":"Moghaddam, A. O., Wei, J., Kim, J., Dunn, A. C. & Wagoner Johnson, A. J. An indentation-based approach to determine the elastic constants of soft anisotropic tissues. J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater. 103, 103539 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater."},{"key":"79602_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/S1748-0132(06)70077-9","volume":"1","author":"DM Ebenstein","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ebenstein, D. M. & Pruitt, L. A. Nanoindentation of biological materials. Nano Today 1, 26\u201333 (2006).","journal-title":"Nano Today"},{"key":"79602_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Oyen, M. Handbook of Nanoindentation: With Biological Applications. publications.eng.cam.ac.uk (2010). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1201\/b11169","DOI":"10.1201\/b11169"},{"key":"79602_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mardia, K. V. Statistics of directional data. 131\u2013170 (1972). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/b978-0-12-471150-1.50012-1","DOI":"10.1016\/b978-0-12-471150-1.50012-1"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-020-79602-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-020-79602-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-020-79602-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,3]],"date-time":"2022-12-03T01:21:39Z","timestamp":1670030499000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-020-79602-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,11]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["79602"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-79602-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 July 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 November 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 January 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"324"}}