{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T01:06:49Z","timestamp":1758935209308,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]],"date-time":"2021-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610668800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]],"date-time":"2021-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP17K01199"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP17K01199"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Tokyo Polytechnic University Fund for Arts and Engineering","award":["2013","2014","2015","2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013","2014","2015","2016"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>To achieve a better understanding of the \u201cvinegar syndrome\u201d phenomenon, which has caused serious damage to triacetyl cellulose-based motion picture films, the white powder obtained from damaged film surfaces was analysed in this study. The powder was found to be soluble in acetone, diethyl ether, dimethylformamide, and chloroform, but insoluble in water. From the results of <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>H, <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>C and <jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and X-ray fluorescence measurements, it was concluded that the white precipitate had a molecular weight of 326 amu and was composed of triphenyl phosphate (C<jats:sub>18<\/jats:sub>H<jats:sub>15<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>P).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-80498-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]],"date-time":"2021-01-15T11:03:35Z","timestamp":1610708615000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Composition of the white precipitate formed on the surface of damaged triacetyl cellulose-based motion picture films"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Keiko","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maiko","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Hayakawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hitoshi","family":"Yajima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshiki","family":"Oda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"80498_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.5594\/J11731","volume":"51","author":"CR Fordyce","year":"1948","unstructured":"Fordyce, C. R. Improved safety motion picture film support. J. SMPE 51, 331\u2013350 (1948).","journal-title":"J. SMPE"},{"key":"80498_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.5594\/J13991","volume":"64","author":"DR White","year":"1955","unstructured":"White, D. R., Charles, J. G. & Holm, W. R. Polyester photographic film base. J. SMPTE 64, 674\u2013678 (1955).","journal-title":"J. SMPTE"},{"key":"80498_CR3","volume-title":"Handbook of Fiber Chemistry","author":"M Lewin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lewin, M. Handbook of Fiber Chemistry (CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2007)."},{"key":"80498_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6700(01)00027-2","volume":"26","author":"KJ Edgar","year":"2001","unstructured":"Edgar, K. J. et al. Advances in cellulose ester performance and application. Prog. Polym. Sci. 26, 1605\u20131688 (2001).","journal-title":"Prog. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"80498_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.5594\/J01707","volume":"64","author":"CR Fordyce","year":"1955","unstructured":"Fordyce, C. R., Calhoun, J. M. & Moyer, E. E. Shrinkage behavior of motion-picture film. J. SMPTE 64, 62\u201366 (1955).","journal-title":"J. SMPTE"},{"key":"80498_CR6","first-page":"517","volume":"30","author":"JM Calhoun","year":"1967","unstructured":"Calhoun, J. M. The preservation of motion-picture film. Am. Arch. 30, 517\u2013525 (1967).","journal-title":"Am. Arch."},{"key":"80498_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/0141-3910(87)90038-3","volume":"19","author":"NS Allen","year":"1987","unstructured":"Allen, N. S. et al. Degradation of historic cellulose triacetate cinematographic film: the vinegar syndrome. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 19, 379\u2013387 (1987).","journal-title":"Polym. Degrad. Stab."},{"key":"80498_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/0141-3910(89)90067-0","volume":"23","author":"NS Allen","year":"1989","unstructured":"Allen, N. S. et al. Degradation of cellulose triacetate cinematographic film: prediction of archival life. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 23, 43\u201350 (1989).","journal-title":"Polym. Degrad. Stab."},{"key":"80498_CR9","unstructured":"Robley, L.P. Attack of the vinegar syndrome: an in-depth examination of the insidious virus that is eating away at America\u2019s cinematic heritage. Am. Cinematogr. 77, 111\u2013122."},{"key":"80498_CR10","volume-title":"IPI Storage Guide for Acetate Film","author":"JM Reilly","year":"1993","unstructured":"Reilly, J. M. IPI Storage Guide for Acetate Film (Image Permanence Institute, Rochester, 1993)."},{"key":"80498_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1002\/pol.1953.120100404","volume":"10","author":"LA Hiller","year":"1953","unstructured":"Hiller, L. A. The reaction of cellulose acetate with acetic acid and water. J. Polym. Sci. 10, 385\u2013423 (1953).","journal-title":"J. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"80498_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1002\/app.1966.070100515","volume":"10","author":"KD Vos","year":"1966","unstructured":"Vos, K. D., Burris, F. O. Jr. & Riley, R. I. Kinetic study of the hydrolysis of cellulose acetate in the pH range of 2\u201310. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 10, 825\u2013832 (1966).","journal-title":"J. Appl. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"80498_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1965","DOI":"10.1002\/app.21035","volume":"94","author":"N Olaru","year":"2004","unstructured":"Olaru, N. & Olaru, L. Cellulose acetate deacetylation in benzene\/acetic acid\/water systems. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 94, 1965\u20131968 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Appl. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"80498_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymdegradstab.2013.12.002","volume":"107","author":"B Knight","year":"2014","unstructured":"Knight, B. Lack of evidence for an autocatalytic point in the degradation of cellulose acetate. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 107, 219\u2013222 (2014).","journal-title":"Polym. Degrad. Stab."},{"key":"80498_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1080\/00223638.1988.11736999","volume":"36","author":"NS Allen","year":"1988","unstructured":"Allen, N. S., Edge, M., Appeyardt, J. R., Jewitt, T. S. & Rorie, C. V. Degradation of historic cellulose triacetate cinematographic film: influence of various film parameters and prediction of archival life. J. Photogr. Sci. 36, 194\u2013198 (1988).","journal-title":"J. Photogr. Sci."},{"key":"80498_CR16","first-page":"18","volume":"76","author":"K Narabayashi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Narabayashi, K. Preservation and current situation of microfilm. J. Soc. Photogr. Imag. Jpn. 76, 18\u201325 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Soc. Photogr. Imag. Jpn."},{"key":"80498_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-3057(88)90002-X","volume":"24","author":"NS Allen","year":"1988","unstructured":"Allen, N. S. et al. Acid-catalysed degradation of historic cellulose triacetate, cinematographic film: Influence of various film parameters. Eur. Polym. J. 24, 707\u2013712 (1988).","journal-title":"Eur. Polym. J."},{"key":"80498_CR18","unstructured":"Bigourdan, J.L. & Reilly, J.M. Effectiveness of storage conditions in controlling vinegar syndrome: Preservation strategies for acetate base motion-picture film collections. In: Proceedings of the 5th Joint Technical Symposium (Paris, 2000)."},{"key":"80498_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.5594\/J02284","volume":"101","author":"PZ Adelstein","year":"1992","unstructured":"Adelstein, P. Z., Reilly, J. M., Nishimura, D. W. & Erbland, C. J. Stability of cellulose ester base photographic film: part I\u2014laboratory testing procedure. SMPTE J. 101, 336\u2013346 (1992).","journal-title":"SMPTE J."},{"key":"80498_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.5594\/J02285","volume":"101","author":"PZ Adelstein","year":"1992","unstructured":"Adelstein, P. Z., Reilly, J. M., Nishimura, D. W. & Erbland, C. J. Stability of cellulose ester base photographic film: part II\u2014practical storage considerations. SMPTE J. 101, 347\u2013353 (1992).","journal-title":"SMPTE J."},{"key":"80498_CR21","first-page":"224","volume":"12","author":"SS Wagner","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wagner, S. S. & Bernier, B. Cold storage options: costs and implementation issues. Top. Photogr. Preserv. 12, 224\u2013238 (2007).","journal-title":"Top. Photogr. Preserv."},{"key":"80498_CR22","first-page":"11","volume":"6","author":"MC Fisher","year":"1995","unstructured":"Fisher, M. C. & Reilly, J. M. Use of passive monitors in film collections. Top. Photogr. Preserv. 6, 11\u201340 (1995).","journal-title":"Top. Photogr. Preserv."},{"key":"80498_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymdegradstab.2012.08.023","volume":"98","author":"D Littlejohn","year":"2013","unstructured":"Littlejohn, D., Pethrick, R. A., Quye, A. & Ballany, J. M. Investigation of the cellulose acetate museum artefacts. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 98, 416\u2013424 (2013).","journal-title":"Polym. Degrad. Stab."},{"key":"80498_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1080\/13682199.2019.1577594","volume":"67","author":"D Yamamoto","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yamamoto, D., Ishii, T., Hashimoto, A. & Matsui, K. Use of sodium carbonate and sodium polyacrylate for the prevention of vinegar syndrome. Imaging Sci. J. 67, 171\u2013178 (2019).","journal-title":"Imaging Sci. J."},{"key":"80498_CR25","unstructured":"US patent 2607704 (1952)."},{"key":"80498_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymdegradstab.2013.12.003","volume":"107","author":"G Mitchell","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mitchell, G., Higgitt, C. & Gibson, L. T. Emissions from polymeric materials: characterized by thermal desorption-gas chromatography. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 107, 328\u2013340 (2014).","journal-title":"Polym. Degrad. Stab."},{"key":"80498_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymdegradstab.2013.12.001","volume":"107","author":"E Richardson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Richardson, E., Giachet, M. T., Schilling, M. & Learner, T. Assessing the physical stability of archival cellulose acetate films by monitoring plasticizer loss. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 107, 231\u2013236 (2014).","journal-title":"Polym. Degrad. Stab."},{"key":"80498_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1021\/ar1000132","volume":"43","author":"M Schilling","year":"2010","unstructured":"Schilling, M. et al. Application of chemical and thermal analysis methods for studying cellulose ester plastics. Acc. Chem. Res. 43, 888\u2013896 (2010).","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"key":"80498_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymdegradstab.2014.03.009","volume":"107","author":"MT Giachet","year":"2014","unstructured":"Giachet, M. T. et al. Assessment of the composition and condition of animation cells made from cellulose acetate. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 107, 223\u2013230 (2014).","journal-title":"Polym. Degrad. Stab."},{"key":"80498_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106096","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymertesting.2019.106096","volume":"80","author":"B Kemper","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kemper, B. & Lichtblau, D. A. Extraction of plasticizers: an entire and reproducible quantification method for historical cellulose acetate material. Polym. Test. 80, 106096 (2019).","journal-title":"Polym. Test."},{"key":"80498_CR31","first-page":"27","volume":"36","author":"K Takahashi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Takahashi, K., Hayakawa, H., Okamoto, T., Fujiwara, S. & Yajima, H. Identification of white precipitate from damaged triacetate base movie films: chemical analysis of \u201cvinegar syndrome\u201d (1). Acad. Rep. Fac. Eng. Tokyo Polytech. Univ. 36, 27\u201333 (2013).","journal-title":"Acad. Rep. Fac. Eng. Tokyo Polytech. Univ."},{"key":"80498_CR32","unstructured":"Takahashi, K., Hayakawa, H. & Yajima, H. Identification a white precipitate from damaged triacetate base movie films. In: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Advanced Imaging T302-05 (2015)."},{"key":"80498_CR33","first-page":"1","volume":"42","author":"T Nishitani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nishitani, T., Kidokoro, G., Yajima, H. & Takahashi, K. Quantitative deterioration diagnosis of the motion-picture film by NMR spectroscopy. Acad. Rep. Fac. Eng. Tokyo Polytech. Univ. 42, 1\u20138 (2019).","journal-title":"Acad. Rep. Fac. Eng. Tokyo Polytech. Univ."},{"key":"80498_CR34","first-page":"35","volume":"43","author":"M Sasaki","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sasaki, M. & Takahashi, K. Directly qualitative and quantitative analysis of motion-picture films by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Acad. Rep. Fac. Eng. Tokyo Polytech. Univ. 43, 35\u201339 (2020).","journal-title":"Acad. Rep. Fac. Eng. Tokyo Polytech. Univ."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-020-80498-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-020-80498-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-020-80498-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,3]],"date-time":"2022-12-03T02:00:57Z","timestamp":1670032857000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-020-80498-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["80498"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-80498-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2045-2322"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 March 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 December 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 January 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"1502"}}