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N-docosahexaenoylethanolamine (DHEA, synaptamide) is an endogenous metabolite and structural analogue of anandamide, a widely studied endocannabinoid derived from arachidonic acid. The results of this study demonstrate that DHEA, when administered subcutaneously (10\u00a0mg\/kg\/day, 7\u00a0days), promotes cognitive recovery in rats subjected to mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). In the cerebral cortex of experimental animals, we analyzed the dynamics of Iba-1-positive microglia activity changes and the expression of pro-inflammatory markers (IL1\u03b2, IL6, CD86). We used immortalized mouse microglial cells (SIM-A9) to assess the effects of DHEA on LPS-induced cytokines\/ROS\/NO\/nitrite, as well as on CD206 (anti-inflammatory microglia) and the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) production. In vivo and in vitro experiments showed that DHEA: (1) improves indicators of anxiety and long-term memory; (2) inhibits the pro-inflammatory microglial cells activity; (3) decrease the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines\/ROS\/NO\/nitrites; (4) increase CD206 and SOD production. In general, the results of this study indicate that DHEA has a complex effect on the neuroinflammation processes, which indicates its high therapeutic potential.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-80818-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,12]],"date-time":"2021-01-12T19:24:12Z","timestamp":1610479452000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["N-docosahexaenoylethanolamine reduces neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment after mild traumatic brain injury in rats"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Arina I.","family":"Ponomarenko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna A.","family":"Tyrtyshnaia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evgeny A.","family":"Pislyagin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inessa V.","family":"Dyuizen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruslan M.","family":"Sultanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Igor V.","family":"Manzhulo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"80818_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maas, E., Robin, D. 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