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The aim of this study was to investigate the broad spectrum antiviral activity of a naturally existing sulfated polysaccharide, lambda-carrageenan (\u03bb-CGN), purified from marine red algae. Cell culture-based assays revealed that the macromolecule efficiently inhibited both influenza A and B viruses with EC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    values ranging from 0.3 to 1.4\u00a0\u03bcg\/ml, as well as currently circulating severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with an EC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    value of 0.9\u2009\u00b1\u20091.1\u00a0\u03bcg\/ml. No toxicity to the host cells was observed at concentrations up to 300\u00a0\u03bcg\/ml. Plaque titration and western blot analysis verified that \u03bb-CGN reduced expression of viral proteins in cell lysates and suppressed progeny virus production in culture supernatants in a dose-dependent manner. This polyanionic compound exerts antiviral activity by targeting viral attachment to cell surface receptors and preventing virus entry. Moreover, its intranasal administration to mice during influenza A viral challenge not only alleviated infection-mediated reductions in body weight but also protected 60% of mice from virus-induced mortality. Thus, \u03bb-CGN could be a promising antiviral agent for preventing infection with several respiratory viruses.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-80896-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,12]],"date-time":"2021-01-12T14:06:20Z","timestamp":1610460380000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":105,"title":["Antiviral activity of lambda-carrageenan against influenza viruses and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Yejin","family":"Jang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heegwon","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myoung Kyu","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oh Seung","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin Soo","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong-il","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chan Woo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hye-Ra","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meehyein","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"80896_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2014.11.063","volume":"121","author":"J Liu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liu, J., Zhan, X., Wan, J., Wang, Y. & Wang, C. 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