{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T21:09:23Z","timestamp":1790716163650,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,15]],"date-time":"2021-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634256000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,15]],"date-time":"2021-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634256000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Carl Tryggers Foundation","award":["CT 16:344"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CT 16:344"]}]},{"name":"Marie Sklodowska-Curie Program","award":["METAGE-797879"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["METAGE-797879"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004598","name":"Institut de Radioprotection et de S\u00fbret\u00e9 Nucl\u00e9aire","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004598","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Swedish Radiation Protection Agency-SSM","award":["SSM2018-2038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SSM2018-2038"]}]},{"name":"EU FP7-EURATOM","award":["COordination and iMplementation of a pan-European instrumenT for radioecology-COMET project EU- 604974"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["COordination and iMplementation of a pan-European instrumenT for radioecology-COMET project EU- 604974"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014440","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Ram\u00f3n y Cajal program RYC-2016-20656"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Ram\u00f3n y Cajal program RYC-2016-20656"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Ionizing radiation can damage organic molecules, causing detrimental effects on human and wildlife health. The accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant (1986) represents the largest release of radioactive material to the environment. An accurate estimation of the current exposure to radiation in wildlife, often reduced to ambient dose rate assessments, is crucial to understand the long-term impact of radiation on living organisms. Here, we present an evaluation of the sources and variation of current exposure to radiation in breeding Eastern tree frogs (\n                    <jats:italic>Hyla orientalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) males living in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone. Total absorbed dose rates in\n                    <jats:italic>H. orientalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    were highly variable, although generally below widely used thresholds considered harmful for animal health. Internal exposure was the main source of absorbed dose rate (81% on average), with\n                    <jats:sup>90<\/jats:sup>\n                    Sr being the main contributor (78% of total dose rate, on average). These results highlight the importance of assessing both internal and external exposure levels in order to perform a robust evaluation of the exposure to radiation in wildlife. Further studies incorporating life-history, ecological, and evolutionary traits are needed to fully evaluate the effects that these exposure levels can have in amphibians and other taxa inhabiting radio-contaminated environments.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-00125-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,15]],"date-time":"2021-10-15T11:30:38Z","timestamp":1634297438000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Assessment of exposure to ionizing radiation in Chernobyl tree frogs (Hyla orientalis)"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Pablo","family":"Burraco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e9ment","family":"Car","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Marc","family":"Bonzom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Germ\u00e1n","family":"Orizaola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"125_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radmeas.2012.03.011","volume":"50","author":"M Sohrabi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sohrabi, M. World high background natural radiation areas: Need to protect public from radiation exposure. Radiat. Meas. 50, 166\u2013171 (2013).","journal-title":"Radiat. Meas."},{"key":"125_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2013.5668","volume":"21","author":"WL Santivasi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Santivasi, W. L. & Xia, F. Ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage, response, and repair. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 21, 251\u2013259 (2014).","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"125_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2007.12.012","volume":"34","author":"SA Geras'kin","year":"2008","unstructured":"Geras\u2019kin, S. A., Fesenko, S. V. & Alexakhin, R. M. Effects of non-human species irradiation after the Chernobyl NPP accident. Environ. Int. 34, 880\u2013897 (2008).","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"125_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2006.01.008","volume":"21","author":"AP M\u00f8ller","year":"2006","unstructured":"M\u00f8ller, A. P. & Mousseau, T. A. Biological consequences of Chernobyl: 20 years on. Trends Ecol. Evol. 21, 200\u2013207 (2006).","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"125_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2016.01.005","volume":"31","author":"AP M\u00f8ller","year":"2016","unstructured":"M\u00f8ller, A. P. & Mousseau, T. A. Are organisms adapting to ionizing radiation at Chernobyl?. Trends Ecol Evol. 31, 281\u2013289 (2016).","journal-title":"Trends Ecol Evol."},{"key":"125_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106033","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2019.106033","volume":"211","author":"NA Beresford","year":"2020","unstructured":"Beresford, N. A. et al. Towards solving a scientific controversy: The effects of ionising radiation on the environment. J. Environ. Radioact. 211, 106033 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Environ. Radioact."},{"key":"125_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105893","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2019.01.005","volume":"211","author":"NA Beresford","year":"2020","unstructured":"Beresford, N. A., Scott, E. M. & Copplestone, D. Field effects studies in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone: Lessons to be learnt. J. Environ. Radioact. 211, 105893 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Environ. Radioact."},{"key":"125_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icrp.2009.04.001","volume":"38","author":"ICRP","year":"2008","unstructured":"ICRP. Environmental protection: The concept and use of reference animals and plants. Ann. ICRP 38, 1\u2013242 (2008).","journal-title":"Ann. ICRP"},{"key":"125_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20201638","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2020.1638","volume":"287","author":"KE Raines","year":"2020","unstructured":"Raines, K. E., Whitehorn, P. R., Copplestone, D. & Tinsley, M. C. Chernobyl-level radiation exposure damages bumblebee reproduction: A laboratory experiment. Proc. R. Soc. B. 287, 20201638 (2020).","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. B."},{"key":"125_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2008.04.012","volume":"99","author":"J Garnier-Laplace","year":"2008","unstructured":"Garnier-Laplace, J. et al. Issues and practices in the use of effects data from FREDERICA in the ERICA Integrated Approach. J. Environ. Radioact. 99, 1474\u20131483 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Environ. Radioact."},{"key":"125_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1088\/0952-4746\/30\/2\/S07","volume":"30","author":"NA Beresford","year":"2010","unstructured":"Beresford, N. A. et al. Predicting the radiation exposure of terrestrial wildlife in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone: An international comparison of approaches. J. Radiol. Prot. 30, 341\u2013373 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Radiol. Prot."},{"key":"125_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1002\/ieam.238","volume":"7","author":"NA Beresford","year":"2011","unstructured":"Beresford, N. A. & Copplestone, D. Effects of ionizing radiation on wildlife: What knowledge have we gained between the Chernobyl and Fukushima accidents?. Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag. 7, 371\u2013373 (2011).","journal-title":"Integr. Environ. Assess. Manag."},{"key":"125_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2008.01.008","volume":"99","author":"JE Brown","year":"2008","unstructured":"Brown, J. E. et al. The ERICA tool. J. Environ. Radioact. 99, 1371\u20131383 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Environ. Radioact."},{"key":"125_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2018.02.007","volume":"211","author":"NA Beresford","year":"2020","unstructured":"Beresford, N. A. et al. Radionuclide transfer to wildlife at a \u2018Reference Site\u2019 in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone and resultant radiation exposures. J. Environ. Radioact. 211, 105661 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Environ. Radioact."},{"key":"125_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s12983-021-00416-x","volume":"18","author":"P Burraco","year":"2021","unstructured":"Burraco, P., Car, C., Bonzom, J.-M. & Orizaola, G. Lack of impact of radiation on blood physiology biomarkers of Chernobyl tree frogs. Front. Zool. 18, 33 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Zool."},{"key":"125_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2018.09.039","volume":"168","author":"S Hancock","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hancock, S. et al. Transgenerational effects of historic radiation dose in pale grass blue butterflies around Fukushima following the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant meltdown accident. Environ. Res. 168, 230\u2013240 (2019).","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"125_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2012.05.011","volume":"169","author":"NA Beresford","year":"2012","unstructured":"Beresford, N. A. et al. \u201cAbundance of birds in Fukushima as judged from Chernobyl\u201d by M\u00f8ller et\u00a0al. (2012). Environ. Pollut. 169, 136 (2012).","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"125_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvrad.2003.12.011","volume":"75","author":"K Stark","year":"2004","unstructured":"Stark, K., Avila, R. & Wallberg, P. Estimation of radiation doses from 137Cs to frogs in a wetland ecosystem. J. Environ. Radioact. 75, 1\u201314 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Environ. Radioact."},{"key":"125_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7438","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-25495-5","volume":"8","author":"M Giraudeau","year":"2018","unstructured":"Giraudeau, M. et al. Carotenoid distribution in wild Japanese tree frogs (Hyla japonica) exposed to ionizing radiation in Fukushima. Sci. Rep. 8, 7438 (2018).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"125_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/s00411-007-0124-1","volume":"46","author":"J Vives I Batlle","year":"2007","unstructured":"Vives I Batlle, J. et al. Inter-comparison of absorbed dose rates for non-human biota. Radiat. Environ. Biophys. 46, 349\u2013373 (2007).","journal-title":"Radiat. Environ. Biophys."},{"key":"125_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1007\/s00411-010-0346-5","volume":"50","author":"J VivesiBatlle","year":"2011","unstructured":"VivesiBatlle, J. et al. The estimation of absorbed dose rates for non-human biota: An extended intercomparison. Radiat. Environ. Biophys. 50, 231\u2013251 (2011).","journal-title":"Radiat. Environ. Biophys."},{"key":"125_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1097\/01.HP.0000182192.91169.ed","volume":"90","author":"K Beaugelin-Seiller","year":"2006","unstructured":"Beaugelin-Seiller, K., Jasserand, F., Garnier-Laplace, J. & Gariel, J. C. Modelling radiological dose in non-human species: principles, computerization, and application. Health Phys. 90, 485\u2013493 (2006).","journal-title":"Health Phys."},{"key":"125_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2012.05.014","volume":"65","author":"M St\u00f6ck","year":"2012","unstructured":"St\u00f6ck, M. et al. Cryptic diversity among Western Palearctic tree frogs: Postglacial range expansion, range limits, and secondary contacts of three European tree frog lineages (Hyla arborea group). Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 65, 1\u20139 (2012).","journal-title":"Mol. Phylogenet. Evol."},{"key":"125_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1163\/156853811X619790","volume":"33","author":"N \u00d6zdemir","year":"2012","unstructured":"\u00d6zdemir, N. et al. Variation in body size and age structure among three Turkish populations of the treefrog Hyla arborea. Amphibia-Reptilia 33, 25\u201335 (2012).","journal-title":"Amphibia-Reptilia"},{"key":"125_CR25","volume-title":"Guidelines for the euthanasia of animals: 2020 Edition","author":"AVMA","year":"2020","unstructured":"AVMA. Guidelines for the euthanasia of animals: 2020 Edition (American Veterinary Medical Association, 2020)."},{"key":"125_CR26","unstructured":"Arkhipov, N. P. et al. Bulletin of ecological state of the exclusion zone for the first half-year 1995: Ministry of Ukraine for Protection of Public from Consequences of the Accident on Chernobyl NPP. Chernobyl, Issue 5 (in Russian) (1995)."},{"key":"125_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1007\/s00411-010-0322-0","volume":"49","author":"SP Gashchak","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gashchak, S. P., Beresford, N. A., Maksimenko, A. M. & Vlaschenko, A. S. Strontium-90 and caesium-137 activity concentrations in bats in the Chernobyl exclusion zone. Radiat. Environ. Biophys. 49, 635\u2013644 (2010).","journal-title":"Radiat. Environ. Biophys."},{"key":"125_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1163\/157075403323012179","volume":"1","author":"F Lemckert","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lemckert, F. Variations in anuran movements and habitat use: Implications for conservation. App. Herpetol. 1, 165\u2013181 (2004).","journal-title":"App. Herpetol."},{"key":"125_CR29","unstructured":"De Bruijn, J. et al. Technical Guidance Document on risk Assessment. Part 1. Part 2: EUR 20418 EN. JRC23785 (2002)."},{"key":"125_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-7722(98)00119-3","volume":"35","author":"T Matsunaga","year":"1998","unstructured":"Matsunaga, T. et al. Characteristics of Chernobyl-derived radionuclides in particulate form in surface waters in the exclusion zone around the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant. J. Contam. Hydrol. 35, 101\u2013113 (1998).","journal-title":"J. Contam. Hydrol."},{"key":"125_CR31","first-page":"76","volume":"9","author":"SP Gashchak","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gashchak, S. P., Maklyuk, Y. A., Maksimenko, A. M. & Bondarkov, M. D. Radioecology of amphibians in Chernobyl zone. Problm Chernobyl Exclusion Zone 9, 76\u201386 (2009) (in Russian).","journal-title":"Problm Chernobyl Exclusion Zone"},{"key":"125_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1051\/radiopro\/20095151","volume":"44","author":"S Gaschak","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gaschak, S. et al. Assessment of radionuclide export from Chernobyl zone via birds 18 years following the accident. Radioprotection 44, 849\u2013852 (2009).","journal-title":"Radioprotection"},{"key":"125_CR33","first-page":"198","volume":"38","author":"YA Maklyuk","year":"2007","unstructured":"Maklyuk, Y. A., Maksimenko, A. M., Gaschak, S. P., Bondarkov, M. D. & Chizhevsky, I. V. Long-term dynamic of radioactive contamination (90Sr, 137Cs) of small mammals in Chernobyl zone. Ecology 38, 198\u2013206 (2007) (in Russian).","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"125_CR34","first-page":"927","volume":"37","author":"MD Bondarkov","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bondarkov, M. D., Maksimenko, A. M. & Zheltonozhsky, V. A. Non radiochemical technique for 90Sr measurement. Radioprotection 37, 927\u2013931 (2002).","journal-title":"Radioprotection"},{"key":"125_CR35","unstructured":"Barnett, C. L. et al. Quantification of radionuclide transfer in terrestrial and freshwater environments for radiological assessments: IAEA-TECDOC-1616 (2009)."},{"key":"125_CR36","unstructured":"Pr\u00f6hl, G. et al. 2003. Dosimetric models and data for assessing radiation exposures to biota. Deliverable 3, FASSET project. Contract No FIGE-CT-2000-00102 (2003)."},{"key":"125_CR37","unstructured":"Intelligence Systems GEO. Atlas of radioactive contamination of Ukraine. Ministry of Emergencies and Affairs of Population Protection from the Consequences of Chernobyl Catastrophe, Ukraine (2011)."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-00125-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-00125-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-00125-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,3]],"date-time":"2022-12-03T11:36:35Z","timestamp":1670067395000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-00125-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,15]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["125"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-00125-9","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2021.05.17.443382","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 May 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 October 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 October 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"20509"}}