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Our results indicate that\u00a0male chum salmon (<jats:italic>Oncorhynchus keta<\/jats:italic>) were preferentially targeted\u00a0at two of the four sampled\u00a0archaeological sites. Because a single male salmon can mate with several females, selectively harvesting male salmon can increase a fishery\u2019s maximum sustainable harvest. We suggest such selective harvesting of visually distinctive male spawning chum salmon was a common practice, most effectively undertaken at wooden weirs spanning small salmon rivers and streams. We argue that this selective harvesting of males is indicative of an ancient and probably geographically widespread practice for ensuring sustainable salmon populations. The archaeological data presented here confirms earlier ethnographic accounts describing the\u00a0selective harvest of male salmon.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-00154-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,10]],"date-time":"2021-11-10T11:05:20Z","timestamp":1636542320000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Indigenous sex-selective salmon harvesting demonstrates pre-contact marine resource management in Burrard Inlet, British Columbia, Canada"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Jesse","family":"Morin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas C. 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