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Few studies have investigated its effect on indoor surface bacterial communities, affecting habitants' health. This study used 20-L glass containers to mimic the indoor environment with bacterial inputs from human oral respiration. The behavior of bacterial communities responding to CH<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O varied among the different CH<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O levels. The bacterial community structure significantly changed over time in the 0.054\u00a0mg\u00b7m<jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup> CH<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O group, which varied from the 0.1\u00a0mg\u00b7m<jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup> and 0.25\u00a0mg\u00b7m<jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup> CH<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O groups. The Chao1 and Shannon index significantly increased in the 0.054\u00a0mg\u00b7m<jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup> CH<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O group at 6\u00a0week, while they remained unchanged in the 0.25\u00a0mg\u00b7m<jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup> CH<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O group. At 12\u00a0week, the Chao1 significantly increased in the 0.25\u00a0mg\u00b7m<jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup> CH<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O group, while it remained unchanged in the 0.054\u00a0mg\u00b7m<jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup> CH<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O group. Only a few Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) significantly correlated with the CH<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O concentration. CH<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O-induced OTUs mainly belong to the Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. Furthermore, bacterial communities formed at 6 or 12\u00a0weeks differed significantly among different CH<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O levels. Functional analysis of bacterial communities showed that inferred genes related to chemical degradation and diseases were the highest in the 0.25\u00a0mg\u00b7m<jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup> CH<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O group at 12\u00a0weeks. The development of nematodes fed with bacteria collected at 12\u00a0weeks was applied to evaluate the bacterial community's hazards. This showed significantly impaired growth in the 0.1\u00a0mg\u00b7m<jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup> and 0.25\u00a0mg\u00b7m<jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup> CH<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O groups. These findings confirmed that CH<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O concentration and exposure time could affect the indoor bacterial community and formed bacterial communities with a possibly more significant hazard to human health after long-term exposure to high CH<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O levels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-00197-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,18]],"date-time":"2021-10-18T19:27:17Z","timestamp":1634585237000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Effect of formaldehyde exposure on bacterial communities in simulating indoor environments"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Jianguo","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taisheng","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiwen","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6261-1232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chuan","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"197_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s004840050075","volume":"42","author":"P Hoppe","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hoppe, P. & Martinac, I. 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