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Total body (BF), trunk (TF) and leg fat (LF), and total lean mass (LM) were measured at baseline by a whole body DXA scan. Inflammatory biomarkers and echocardiographic measures were determined both at baseline and follow-up in the Hoorn Study (n\u2009=\u2009321). We performed linear regression analyses with body composition measures as determinant and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular mass index (LVMI) or left atrial volume index (LAVI) at follow-up as outcome. Additionally, we performed mediation analysis using inflammation at follow-up as mediator. The study population was 67.7\u2009\u00b1\u20095.2\u00a0years and 50% were female. After adjustment, BF, TF and LF, and LM were associated with LVMI with regression coefficients of 2.9 (0.8; 5.1)g\/m<jats:sup>2.7<\/jats:sup>, 2.3 (0.6; 4.0)g\/m<jats:sup>2.7<\/jats:sup>, 2.0 (0.04; 4.0)g\/m<jats:sup>2.7<\/jats:sup> and \u2212\u00a02.9 (\u2212\u00a05.1; \u2212\u00a00.7)g\/m<jats:sup>2.7<\/jats:sup>. Body composition measures were not associated with LVEF or LAVI. These associations were not modified by sex or mediated by inflammation. Body composition could play a role in the pathophysiology of LV hypertrophy. Future research should focus on sex differences in regional adiposity in relation with diastolic dysfunction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-00541-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,26]],"date-time":"2021-10-26T10:03:16Z","timestamp":1635242596000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sex-specific associations of body composition measures with cardiac function and structure after 8\u00a0years of follow-up"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Sharon","family":"Remmelzwaal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joline W. 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